Tumors develop and change inside a complex and altered system called the tumor microenvironment (TME). This environment is highly dynamic: it changes its structure and function as the disease progresses and strongly affects tumor growth, invasion, and response to therapy. For this reason, reproducing the TME in vitro is important to build reliable cancer models. In this thesis, hydrogel-based systems were optimized for the development of a three-dimensional network designed to mimic the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on the neuroblastoma (NB) microenvironment. Several GelMA-based hydrogels were tested, including formulations enriched with fibrinogen to better reproduce the biochemical and mechanical features of native tumor tissue. The hydrogels were characterized using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) to measure molecular diffusion, swelling assays to evaluate stability and water uptake, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to determine mechanical properties. Together, these tests helped identify hydrogel formulations suitable for recreating a more physiologically relevant NB tumor microenvironment in a controlled 3D structure.
I tumori si sviluppano ed evolvono all’interno di un sistema complesso e alterato noto come microambiente tumorale (tumor microenvironment, TME). Questo ambiente è altamente dinamico, poiché subisce continui cambiamenti strutturali e funzionali nel corso della progressione della malattia, e svolge un ruolo fondamentale nella crescita tumorale, nell’invasione e nella risposta alle terapie. Di conseguenza, la riproduzione accurata del TME in vitro è essenziale per lo sviluppo di modelli tumorali affidabili. In questa tesi, sono stati ottimizzati sistemi basati su hydrogel per la realizzazione di reti tridimensionali progettate per mimare il microambiente tumorale, con particolare attenzione al microambiente del neuroblastoma (NB). Sono stati analizzati diversi hydrogel a base di GelMA, inclusi formulazioni arricchite con fibrinogeno, al fine di riprodurre in modo più fedele le caratteristiche biochimiche e meccaniche del tessuto tumorale nativo. Gli hydrogel sono stati caratterizzati mediante Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) per valutare la diffusione molecolare, saggi di rigonfiamento per analizzare la stabilità e l’assorbimento d’acqua, e microscopia a forza atomica (AFM) per determinare le proprietà meccaniche. Nel complesso, queste analisi hanno permesso di identificare formulazioni di idrogel idonee a ricreare un microambiente tumorale di NB più fisiologicamente rilevante all’interno di un sistema tridimensionale controllato.
Caratterizzazione di un hydrogel a base di gelatina metacrilata e fibrinogeno per applicazioni biomediche
AGANDI, LAURA
2025/2026
Abstract
Tumors develop and change inside a complex and altered system called the tumor microenvironment (TME). This environment is highly dynamic: it changes its structure and function as the disease progresses and strongly affects tumor growth, invasion, and response to therapy. For this reason, reproducing the TME in vitro is important to build reliable cancer models. In this thesis, hydrogel-based systems were optimized for the development of a three-dimensional network designed to mimic the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on the neuroblastoma (NB) microenvironment. Several GelMA-based hydrogels were tested, including formulations enriched with fibrinogen to better reproduce the biochemical and mechanical features of native tumor tissue. The hydrogels were characterized using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) to measure molecular diffusion, swelling assays to evaluate stability and water uptake, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to determine mechanical properties. Together, these tests helped identify hydrogel formulations suitable for recreating a more physiologically relevant NB tumor microenvironment in a controlled 3D structure.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104549