This final project presents an experimental study of an integrated anaerobic–aerobic system for the treatment of clarified stillage and digestate derived from an agro-industrial wastewater. The experimental activity was carried out at FLUENCE ITALY S.r.l. using a pilot-scale anaerobic reactor with External Forced Circulation (EFC), followed by a laboratory-scale aerobic activated sludge reactor. The anaerobic phase, was aimed at reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and at recovering energy through biogas production, with particular focus on process stability and granular sludge behavior. The results highlighted the strong influence of total suspended solids (TSS) in the influent on reactor performance. After an initial unstable period characterized by volatile fatty acids accumulation, the adoption of a feeding strategy based on clarified stillage supernatant allowed the identification of an optimal organic loading rate of 12 kg COD/m³·day, at which the reactor operated stably for an extended period. The maximum sustainable organic loading rate was approximately 13 kg COD/m³·day. The produced biogas showed an average methane concentration of about 56%, while hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased under high loading conditions. The aerobic phase, evaluated the efficiency of nitrification and denitrification of the anaerobic effluent. The system achieved high COD removal efficiencies (up to 97%) and effective nitrogen removal, with ammoniacal, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen concentrations consistently below regulatory limits. The main remaining limitation concerned phosphorus removal, for which the implementation of a chemical precipitation step was proposed. Overall, the study confirms the technical feasibility and effectiveness of the integrated anaerobic–aerobic treatment system for stillage wastewater, identifying optimal operating conditions and key critical aspects relevant to full-scale industrial applications.
La presente prova finale riporta lo studio sperimentale di un sistema integrato anaerobico–aerobico per il trattamento della borlanda chiarificata e del digestato derivante da un refluo industriale del settore agro-industriale. La sperimentazione è stata condotta presso FLUENCE ITALY S.r.l. mediante un impianto pilota anaerobico a circolazione forzata esterna (EFC), seguito da un reattore aerobico a fanghi attivi operante in scala di laboratorio. La fase anaerobica è stata finalizzata alla riduzione della domanda chimica di ossigeno (COD) e alla valorizzazione energetica del refluo attraverso la produzione di biogas, con particolare attenzione alla stabilità del processo e al comportamento del fango granulare. I risultati hanno evidenziato una forte influenza del contenuto di solidi sospesi totali (SST) in alimentazione sulla stabilità del sistema. Dopo una fase iniziale caratterizzata da instabilità operative e accumulo di acidi grassi volatili, l’adozione di una strategia di alimentazione basata sul surnatante della borlanda ha permesso di individuare un carico organico ottimale pari a 12 kg COD/m³·giorno, al quale il reattore ha mostrato un funzionamento stabile e prestazioni soddisfacenti. Il carico massimo sostenibile è risultato pari a circa 13 kg COD/m³·giorno. Il biogas prodotto ha presentato una concentrazione media di metano intorno al 56%, con un progressivo incremento della concentrazione di H₂S alle alte condizioni di carico. La fase aerobica, ha consentito di valutare l’efficienza del trattamento di nitrificazione e denitrificazione del digestato anaerobico. Il sistema ha mostrato un’elevata efficienza di abbattimento del COD (fino al 97%) e un efficace contenimento delle forme azotate, mantenute al di sotto dei limiti normativi. L’unica criticità residua è risultata la concentrazione di fosforo nell’effluente finale, per la quale è stata proposta l’integrazione di un trattamento chimico di rimozione. Nel complesso, lo studio dimostra la validità tecnica del sistema integrato anaerobico–aerobico per il trattamento della borlanda, evidenziando le condizioni operative ottimali e le principali criticità da considerare in un’ottica di applicazione industriale.
Studio sperimentale di un sistema integrato anaerobico e aerobico per il trattamento della borlanda chiarificata e del digestato
PINTON, ANDREA
2025/2026
Abstract
This final project presents an experimental study of an integrated anaerobic–aerobic system for the treatment of clarified stillage and digestate derived from an agro-industrial wastewater. The experimental activity was carried out at FLUENCE ITALY S.r.l. using a pilot-scale anaerobic reactor with External Forced Circulation (EFC), followed by a laboratory-scale aerobic activated sludge reactor. The anaerobic phase, was aimed at reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and at recovering energy through biogas production, with particular focus on process stability and granular sludge behavior. The results highlighted the strong influence of total suspended solids (TSS) in the influent on reactor performance. After an initial unstable period characterized by volatile fatty acids accumulation, the adoption of a feeding strategy based on clarified stillage supernatant allowed the identification of an optimal organic loading rate of 12 kg COD/m³·day, at which the reactor operated stably for an extended period. The maximum sustainable organic loading rate was approximately 13 kg COD/m³·day. The produced biogas showed an average methane concentration of about 56%, while hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased under high loading conditions. The aerobic phase, evaluated the efficiency of nitrification and denitrification of the anaerobic effluent. The system achieved high COD removal efficiencies (up to 97%) and effective nitrogen removal, with ammoniacal, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen concentrations consistently below regulatory limits. The main remaining limitation concerned phosphorus removal, for which the implementation of a chemical precipitation step was proposed. Overall, the study confirms the technical feasibility and effectiveness of the integrated anaerobic–aerobic treatment system for stillage wastewater, identifying optimal operating conditions and key critical aspects relevant to full-scale industrial applications.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104572