This thesis examines the transformation of Italian political parties and leadership models between the 1970s and the 1990s, with particular attention to the gradual strengthening of the personal dimension of political leadership. The aim of the study is to investigate how changes in party organization and shifts in mechanisms of political representation have affected the relationship between leaders, parties, and the electorate. Through a historical and political analysis, the research first reconstructs the main features of the party system in the 1970s, focusing on the role of mass parties, their organizational structures, and traditional forms of political mediation. It then explores the processes of crisis and redefinition that characterized the following decades, with specific reference to the weakening of established organizational frameworks and the growing influence of the media in political competition. The core of the thesis is devoted to a comparative analysis of three leadership cases: Enrico Berlinguer, Bettino Craxi, and Silvio Berlusconi; examined as expressions of different models of interaction between leadership and party organization. This comparison highlights both continuities and discontinuities in the shift from leadership styles strongly constrained by party structures to more autonomous and personalized forms of leadership. The thesis concludes with a reflection on the implications of these transformations for the Italian political system, emphasizing the increasing centrality of leadership as a structural element of political competition.
La tesi analizza il processo di trasformazione dei partiti politici italiani e delle forme di leadership nel periodo compreso tra gli anni Settanta e gli anni Novanta, con particolare attenzione al progressivo rafforzamento della dimensione personale della leadership politica. L’obiettivo del lavoro è indagare come i mutamenti organizzativi dei partiti e il cambiamento dei meccanismi di rappresentanza abbiano inciso sul rapporto tra leader, partito ed elettorato. Attraverso un’analisi storico-politica, la ricerca ricostruisce inizialmente le caratteristiche del sistema dei partiti negli anni Settanta, soffermandosi sul ruolo dei partiti di massa, sulle strutture organizzative e sulle forme di mediazione politica. Successivamente, vengono analizzati i processi di crisi e di ridefinizione che hanno interessato i partiti nel corso degli anni Ottanta e Novanta, con particolare riferimento all’indebolimento delle strutture tradizionali e al crescente ruolo dei media nella competizione politica. La parte centrale della tesi è dedicata al confronto tra tre casi di leadership: Enrico Berlinguer, Bettino Craxi e Silvio Berlusconi; considerati come espressioni di differenti modelli di rapporto tra leadership e organizzazione partitica. L’analisi comparata consente di evidenziare continuità e discontinuità nel passaggio da forme di leadership fortemente vincolate al partito a modelli più autonomi e personalizzati. Il lavoro si conclude con una riflessione sulle conseguenze di tali trasformazioni per il sistema politico italiano, mettendo in luce la progressiva centralità della leadership come elemento strutturale della competizione politica.
Dalla crisi dei partiti alla personalizzazione della politica italiana: Berlinguer, Craxi e Berlusconi nella trasformazione della leadership italiana.
BIANCHI, CRISTINA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the transformation of Italian political parties and leadership models between the 1970s and the 1990s, with particular attention to the gradual strengthening of the personal dimension of political leadership. The aim of the study is to investigate how changes in party organization and shifts in mechanisms of political representation have affected the relationship between leaders, parties, and the electorate. Through a historical and political analysis, the research first reconstructs the main features of the party system in the 1970s, focusing on the role of mass parties, their organizational structures, and traditional forms of political mediation. It then explores the processes of crisis and redefinition that characterized the following decades, with specific reference to the weakening of established organizational frameworks and the growing influence of the media in political competition. The core of the thesis is devoted to a comparative analysis of three leadership cases: Enrico Berlinguer, Bettino Craxi, and Silvio Berlusconi; examined as expressions of different models of interaction between leadership and party organization. This comparison highlights both continuities and discontinuities in the shift from leadership styles strongly constrained by party structures to more autonomous and personalized forms of leadership. The thesis concludes with a reflection on the implications of these transformations for the Italian political system, emphasizing the increasing centrality of leadership as a structural element of political competition.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104597