The p53 protein is involved in multiple processes focused on the control of genomic stability and cellular stress response mechanisms. Alterations in the TP53 gene are common in human tumors and represent a recurrent and crucial element in their pathogenesis. The presence of numerous mutational variants, associated with different structural and functional consequences of the protein, has influenced the development and application of therapeutic strategies targeting this important protein. This paper analyzes the main experimental models used to study p53, the methodologies employed to identify TP53 mutations, and the criteria adopted to assess the protein's functionality. The main therapeutic strategies developed for targeting p53 are also reviewed, including approaches based on the inhibition of negative regulators, the depletion of mutant forms, and the pharmacological reactivation of mutant p53, highlighting their application limitations. A specific focus is dedicated to mutation-specific approaches, particularly the p53 Y220C mutant and the reactivator Rezatapopt (PC14586), developed to stabilize a structural pocket generated by the mutation. This case study is discussed as an example of a therapeutic strategy based on mutational specificity in the context of pharmacological targeting of p53.
La proteina p53 è coinvolta in molteplici processi focalizzati nel controllo della stabilità genomica e nei meccanismi cellulari di risposta allo stress. Alterazioni del gene TP53 sono frequenti nei tumori umani e rappresentano un elemento ricorrente e cruciale nella loro patogenesi. La presenza di numerose varianti mutazionali, associate a differenti conseguenze strutturali e funzionali della proteina, ha condizionato lo sviluppo e l’applicazione di strategie terapeutiche mirate a questa importante proteina. In questo elaborato vengono analizzati i principali modelli sperimentali utilizzati per lo studio di p53, le metodologie impiegate per l’identificazione delle mutazioni di TP53 e i criteri adottati per la valutazione della funzionalità della proteina. Vengono inoltre esaminate le principali strategie terapeutiche sviluppate per il targeting di p53, includendo approcci basati sull’inibizione dei regolatori negativi, sulla deplezione delle forme mutanti e sulla riattivazione farmacologica di p53 mutante, mettendone in evidenza i limiti applicativi. Un focus specifico è dedicato agli approcci “mutation-specific”, in particolare al mutante di p53 Y220C e al riattivatore Rezatapopt (PC14586), sviluppato per stabilizzare una tasca strutturale generata dalla mutazione. Questo caso di studio viene discusso come esempio di strategia terapeutica basata sulla specificità mutazionale nel contesto del targeting farmacologico di p53.
P53: ruolo fisiologico e prospettive terapeutiche. Il caso della molecola PC14586
SCIALPI, ALESSANDRO
2025/2026
Abstract
The p53 protein is involved in multiple processes focused on the control of genomic stability and cellular stress response mechanisms. Alterations in the TP53 gene are common in human tumors and represent a recurrent and crucial element in their pathogenesis. The presence of numerous mutational variants, associated with different structural and functional consequences of the protein, has influenced the development and application of therapeutic strategies targeting this important protein. This paper analyzes the main experimental models used to study p53, the methodologies employed to identify TP53 mutations, and the criteria adopted to assess the protein's functionality. The main therapeutic strategies developed for targeting p53 are also reviewed, including approaches based on the inhibition of negative regulators, the depletion of mutant forms, and the pharmacological reactivation of mutant p53, highlighting their application limitations. A specific focus is dedicated to mutation-specific approaches, particularly the p53 Y220C mutant and the reactivator Rezatapopt (PC14586), developed to stabilize a structural pocket generated by the mutation. This case study is discussed as an example of a therapeutic strategy based on mutational specificity in the context of pharmacological targeting of p53.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104674