This paper aims to study the structure of brake discs used on a large scale within the automotive industry, focusing specifically on the properties of the materials employed in their manufacture. The discussion will focus particularly on critical operational conditions, aiming to define the essential material requirements necessary to ensure optimal performance, safety, and the correct functioning of the braking system in both the short and long term. Throu- ghout its lifecycle, this component must withstand significant compressive, tensile, and centrifugal forces, as well as thermal stresses caused by the friction between the brake pads and the disc during braking. The resulting rapid increase in temperature due to friction can easily exceed the resistan- ce limits of brake disc materials. Consequently, research aimed at enhancing component performance in high-temperature environments, improving thermal fatigue resistance, and optimizing tribological properties has become increasingly crucial. In this regard, the analysis is not limited to the discs alone but also delves into the composition and characteristics of brake pad materials, key elements in determining the coefficient of friction and heat management. Furthermore, a series of surface treatments designed to improve the strength and durability of modern discs will be examined. Finally, a brief analysis of future prospects and next-generation materials, such as carbon or carbon-ceramic composites, will be provided. This study was compiled using a com- bination of academic texts on metallurgy, scientific publications, and technical industry articles.
Il presente documento si pone l'obiettivo di studiare la struttura dei dischi freno utilizzati su larga scala nell'industria automobilistica, concentrandosi in particolar modo sulle proprietà dei materiali impiegati nella loro produzione. La trattazione si focalizzerà specificamente sulle condizioni operative critiche, con lo scopo di definire i requisiti essenziali dei materiali necessari a garantire prestazioni ottimali, sicurezza e il corretto funzionamento del sistema frenante sia a breve che a lungo termine. Nel corso del suo ciclo di vita, questo componente deve resistere a significative forze di compressione, trazione e centrifughe, nonché alle sollecitazioni termiche causate dall'attrito tra le pastiglie e il disco durante la frenata. Il conseguente rapido aumento della temperatura dovuto all'attrito può facilmente superare i limiti di resistenza dei materiali del disco. Di conseguenza, la ricerca volta a potenziare le prestazioni dei componenti in ambienti ad alta temperatura, a migliorare la resistenza alla fatica termica e a ottimizzare le proprietà tribologiche è diventata sempre più cruciale. A tal proposito, l'analisi non si limita ai soli dischi, ma approfondisce anche la composizione e le caratteristiche dei materiali delle pastiglie, elementi chiave nel determinare il coefficiente d'attrito e la gestione del calore. Inoltre, verrà esaminata una serie di trattamenti superficiali progettati per migliorare la resistenza e la durata dei dischi moderni. Infine, verrà fornita una breve analisi sulle prospettive future e sui materiali di prossima generazione, come i compositi in carbonio o carbo-ceramici. Questo studio è stato redatto integrando testi accademici di metallurgia, pubblicazioni scientifiche e articoli tecnici di settore.
Caratterizzazione dei materiali impiegati nella produzione di dischi freno in ambito automobilistico
ANTONELLI, ELIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This paper aims to study the structure of brake discs used on a large scale within the automotive industry, focusing specifically on the properties of the materials employed in their manufacture. The discussion will focus particularly on critical operational conditions, aiming to define the essential material requirements necessary to ensure optimal performance, safety, and the correct functioning of the braking system in both the short and long term. Throu- ghout its lifecycle, this component must withstand significant compressive, tensile, and centrifugal forces, as well as thermal stresses caused by the friction between the brake pads and the disc during braking. The resulting rapid increase in temperature due to friction can easily exceed the resistan- ce limits of brake disc materials. Consequently, research aimed at enhancing component performance in high-temperature environments, improving thermal fatigue resistance, and optimizing tribological properties has become increasingly crucial. In this regard, the analysis is not limited to the discs alone but also delves into the composition and characteristics of brake pad materials, key elements in determining the coefficient of friction and heat management. Furthermore, a series of surface treatments designed to improve the strength and durability of modern discs will be examined. Finally, a brief analysis of future prospects and next-generation materials, such as carbon or carbon-ceramic composites, will be provided. This study was compiled using a com- bination of academic texts on metallurgy, scientific publications, and technical industry articles.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104689