Aim of the study The aim of our study was to determine which patients with CLL in early, Binet A, stage would undergo treatment by applying three prognostic scores to our study population. At the same time, we aimed to compare our results with those of the working group that developed them and to evaluate their applicability and quality. Methods We collected data from three cohorts of patients from the centers of the University Hospital of Padua, the Policlino of Milan and the Gemelli University Hospital, for a total of 819 patients. We then proceeded to apply the prognostic scores International Prognostic Index for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLLIPI), International Prognostic Score for Earlystage CLL (IPSA) and Alternative International Prognostic Score for Earlystage CLL (AIPSA), and calculated the time to first treatment and overall survival. We evalueted discrimination by determining the Cstatistic and Akaike score. Results Eight hundred nineteen patients with Binet A stage CLL were enrolled. They had an average age at diagnosis of 62.95 years and were slightly more male than female (57.8% against 42.2%); 38.7% had palpable lymph nodes, 29.5% had a lymphocyte count above the cutoff level of 15,000/μL, 7.3% had β₂ microglobulin ≥3.5 mg/L, 35.2% had unmutated IGHV, 5.1% and 5.3% of patients harbor 11q and 17p deletion respectively. TP53 was mutated in 4% of cases. Overall, 39.8% of patients underwent at least one line of therapy and 15% died. After applying the CLLIPI score, 61% of patients were categorized as low risk, 31% as intermediate risk, 6% as high risk and 2% as very high risk. By applying the IPSA scoring system, 35% of patients were categorized as low risk, 36% as intermediate risk and 29% as high risk. By applying the AIPSA scoring system, 49% of patients were categorized as low risk, 34% as intermediate risk and 17% as high risk. Using the CLLIPI, the 5year cumulative risk of treatment initiation was 16.3%, 14.9%, 52.6%, 57.5%, and 79.4% for scores 0, 1, 2, 3, ≥4, respectively. The Cstatistic was 0.689. Using the IPSA, the 5year cumulative risk of treatment initiation was 8.1%, 26.4%, 58.7% and 76.8% for scores 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The Cstatistic was 0.749. Using the AIPSA, the 5year cumulative risk of treatment initiation was 10%, 35.7%, 71% and 78.1% for scores 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The Cstatistic was 0.684. Discussion In conclusion, we validated these scores in an independent milticenters cohort of CLL patients, confirming a good capacity of all scores in distinguishing between different risk categories. The IPSA, in particular, proved to the best at predicting which patients would need to start firstline treatment. Whether these smoldering CLL patients might benefit fom early treatment with targeted agents in unknown and deserve further investigations.
Scopo dello studio Lo scopo del nostro studio è determinare quali pazienti con LLC in stadio iniziale, Binet A, necessiteranno di iniziare un trattamento applicando tre score prognostici alla nostra popolazione di studio. Allo stesso tempo, andremo a confrontare i nostri risultati con quelli dei gruppi di lavoro che li hanno sviluppati, per valutare la loro applicabilità e qualità. Materiali e metodi Abbiamo raccolto dati da tre coorti di pazienti dai centri dell’Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, del Policlinico di Milano e del Policlinico Gemelli di Roma, per un totale di 819 pazienti. Abbiamo poi applicato gli score prognostici International Prognostic Index for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLLIPI), International Prognostic Score for Earlystage CLL (IPSA) e Alternative International Prognostic Score for Earlystage CLL (AIPSA) e calcolato il tempo al primo trattamento e la sopravvivenza globale. Abbiamo valutato la discriminazione determinando il Cindex e il criterio di informazione di Akaike. Risultati Sono stati reclutati 819 pazienti con LLC in stadio Binet A. Presentavano un’età media alla diagnosi di 62,95 anni, erano prevalentemente maschi (57,8% contro 42,2%); il 38,7% aveva linfonodi palpabili, il 29,5% aveva una conta linfocitaria sopra 15.000/μL, il 7,3% aveva la β₂microglobulina ≥3.5 mg/L, il 35,2% aveva IGHV non mutato, il 5,1% e il 5,3% dei pazienti portavano rispettivamente le delezioni 11q e 17p. TP53 era mutato nel 4% dei casi. Complessivamente, il 39,8% dei pazienti è andato incontro ad almeno una linea di terapia e il 15% è morto. Applicando il CLLIPI, il 61% dei pazienti erano classificati a rischio basso, il 31% a intermedio, il 6% ad alto e il 2% a molto alto. Applicando l’IPSA, il 35% dei pazienti era a rischio basso, il 36% a intermedio e il 29% ad alto. Applicando l’AIPSA, il 49% dei pazienti era a rischio basso, il 34% a intermedio e il 17% ad alto. Usando il CLLIPI, l’incidenza cumulativa di trattamento a 5 anni era rispettivamente del 16,35, 14,9%, 52,6%, 57,5% e 79,4% per gli score 0, 1, 2, 3 e ≥4. Il Cindex era di 0,689. Usando l’IPSA, l’incidenza cumulativa di trattamento a 5 anni era rispettivamente dell’8,1%, 26,4%, 58,7% e 76,8% per gli score 0, 1, 2 e 3. Il Cindex era di 0,749. Usando l’AIPSA, l’incidenza cumulativa di trattamento a 5 anni era rispettivamente del 10%, 35,7%, 71% e 78,1% per gli score 0, 1, 2 e 3. Il Cindex era di 0,684. Discussione In conclusione, abbiamo validato questi score in una coorte multicentrica indipendente di pazienti con LLC, confermando una buona capacità di tutti gli score nel distinguere fra le diverse classi di rischio. L’IPSA, in particolare, si è dimostrato il migliore nel predire quali pazienti avrebbero richiesto di iniziare il trattamento di prima linea. Se questi pazienti con LLC smoldering potrebbero beneficiare di un trattamento precoce con agenti mirati è ancora da chiarire e merita ulteriori indagini.
IDENTIFICAZIONE DEI PAZIENTI CON LEUCEMIA LINFATICA CRONICA IN STADIO INIZIALE A RISCHIO DI PROGRESSIONE: RUOLO DI RECENTI SCORE PROGNOSTICI
CORBANESE, MATTEO
2021/2022
Abstract
Aim of the study The aim of our study was to determine which patients with CLL in early, Binet A, stage would undergo treatment by applying three prognostic scores to our study population. At the same time, we aimed to compare our results with those of the working group that developed them and to evaluate their applicability and quality. Methods We collected data from three cohorts of patients from the centers of the University Hospital of Padua, the Policlino of Milan and the Gemelli University Hospital, for a total of 819 patients. We then proceeded to apply the prognostic scores International Prognostic Index for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLLIPI), International Prognostic Score for Earlystage CLL (IPSA) and Alternative International Prognostic Score for Earlystage CLL (AIPSA), and calculated the time to first treatment and overall survival. We evalueted discrimination by determining the Cstatistic and Akaike score. Results Eight hundred nineteen patients with Binet A stage CLL were enrolled. They had an average age at diagnosis of 62.95 years and were slightly more male than female (57.8% against 42.2%); 38.7% had palpable lymph nodes, 29.5% had a lymphocyte count above the cutoff level of 15,000/μL, 7.3% had β₂ microglobulin ≥3.5 mg/L, 35.2% had unmutated IGHV, 5.1% and 5.3% of patients harbor 11q and 17p deletion respectively. TP53 was mutated in 4% of cases. Overall, 39.8% of patients underwent at least one line of therapy and 15% died. After applying the CLLIPI score, 61% of patients were categorized as low risk, 31% as intermediate risk, 6% as high risk and 2% as very high risk. By applying the IPSA scoring system, 35% of patients were categorized as low risk, 36% as intermediate risk and 29% as high risk. By applying the AIPSA scoring system, 49% of patients were categorized as low risk, 34% as intermediate risk and 17% as high risk. Using the CLLIPI, the 5year cumulative risk of treatment initiation was 16.3%, 14.9%, 52.6%, 57.5%, and 79.4% for scores 0, 1, 2, 3, ≥4, respectively. The Cstatistic was 0.689. Using the IPSA, the 5year cumulative risk of treatment initiation was 8.1%, 26.4%, 58.7% and 76.8% for scores 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The Cstatistic was 0.749. Using the AIPSA, the 5year cumulative risk of treatment initiation was 10%, 35.7%, 71% and 78.1% for scores 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The Cstatistic was 0.684. Discussion In conclusion, we validated these scores in an independent milticenters cohort of CLL patients, confirming a good capacity of all scores in distinguishing between different risk categories. The IPSA, in particular, proved to the best at predicting which patients would need to start firstline treatment. Whether these smoldering CLL patients might benefit fom early treatment with targeted agents in unknown and deserve further investigations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/10473