The intensive farming model persists within the European Union through the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), due to the substantial financial aid given to farmers, which drains most of the EU budget. Despite being considered one of the founding policies of European integration, from the outset, CAP reveals structural and political concerns. The frenetic overproduction of the 60s and the rapid expansion of industrial animal production models made future reforms initially unlikely. Only from the 1990s did the reform process take place, characterised by more attention toward stricter environmental practices. In particular, this thesis seeks to highlight the inequality in the distribution of agricultural subsidies, which favour support for high-emission animal products, with consequences in terms of environmental degradation, public health risks, and social inequalities. At the same time, growing consumer awareness and preference for more sustainable and animal-friendly food are not yet sufficient to counteract these systemic pressures. Through an analysis of policy frameworks, production data, and power dynamics within the sector, the thesis demonstrates that the trajectory of European livestock farming is not determined solely by market demand but also by the strategic influence of powerful actors in the meat industry.
Il modello produttivo degli allevamenti intensivi persiste all’interno dell’Unione Europea attraverso la Politica Agricola Comune (PAC), grazie agli ingenti aiuti finanziari devoluti agli agricoltori che prosciugano una quota rilevante del budget comunitario. Pur essendo una delle politiche fondanti dell’integrazione europea, la PAC ha rivelato fin dalle origini criticità strutturali e politiche. La frenetica sovrapproduzione degli anni Sessanta e la rapida estensione dei modelli intensivi di produzione animale hanno reso future riforme inizialmente inverosimili, avviate solo dagli anni Novanta con una maggiore attenzione a pratiche ambientali più stringenti. In particolare, questa tesi evidenzia l’ineguale erogazione dei sussidi agricoli, che favoriscono il supporto a prodotti animali ad alta intensità di emissioni, con conseguenze in termini di degrado ambientale, rischi per la salute pubblica e disuguaglianze sociali. Allo stesso tempo, la crescente consapevolezza dei consumatori e la loro preferenza per alimenti più sostenibili e più attenti al benessere animale non sono ancora sufficienti a contrastare tali pressioni sistematiche. Attraverso l’analisi dei quadri politici, dei dati di produzione e delle dinamiche di potere all’interno del settore, la tesi dimostra che il percorso dell’allevamento europeo non è determinato esclusivamente dalla domanda di mercato, ma anche dall’influenza strategica di potenti attori dell’industria della carne.
“La grande abbuffata”: How Political Power, Subsidies, and Lobbying Shape Intensive Livestock Farming under the Common Agricultural Policy
CASTELLUCCI, SILVIA
2025/2026
Abstract
The intensive farming model persists within the European Union through the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), due to the substantial financial aid given to farmers, which drains most of the EU budget. Despite being considered one of the founding policies of European integration, from the outset, CAP reveals structural and political concerns. The frenetic overproduction of the 60s and the rapid expansion of industrial animal production models made future reforms initially unlikely. Only from the 1990s did the reform process take place, characterised by more attention toward stricter environmental practices. In particular, this thesis seeks to highlight the inequality in the distribution of agricultural subsidies, which favour support for high-emission animal products, with consequences in terms of environmental degradation, public health risks, and social inequalities. At the same time, growing consumer awareness and preference for more sustainable and animal-friendly food are not yet sufficient to counteract these systemic pressures. Through an analysis of policy frameworks, production data, and power dynamics within the sector, the thesis demonstrates that the trajectory of European livestock farming is not determined solely by market demand but also by the strategic influence of powerful actors in the meat industry.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104734