The Italian Republic is indebted for its historical trajectory to Alcide De Gasperi, as to very few other statesmen. By gathering around himself clandestinely those who would later, together with him, become Christian-democrats - including Giulio Andreotti himself - the Trentino statesman challenged from within the stability of the Fascist one-party system and, once the regime had been overthrown, took charge of guiding the country peacefully toward democracy. In the newly proclaimed Republic - labelled by Pietro Scoppola “Republic of parties”- the Christian Democracy, while at times leading and at other times being surpassed by socialist-communist coalitions, in aggregate electoral terms; nevertheless, when individual parties are considered, remained indisputably the leading political force until its dissolution. As founder and leading figure of the party, between the late 1940s and the early 1950s, Alcide De Gasperi headed eight governments. Of particular relevance for our purposes is the fact that, in the IV De Gasperi government, the position of Undersecretary was entrusted to Giulio Andreotti, for whom this baptism of fire marked the beginning of a long and varied cursus honorum. Serving as minister more times than anyone else to date and as Prime Minister on seven occasions, the Roman senator held institutional offices until the final act of the “Republic of parties,” when, under the pressure of both international and domestic factors, the political system devised in the immediate post-war period ultimately imploded. There were numerous occasions on which Andreotti declared himself inspired by De Gasperi in his approach to public affairs administration. Regarding foreign policy, both of them - at different times and in pursuit of different projects - defended the appropriateness of the two pillars upon which the external action of Italy as a medium power rested: Europeanism and Atlanticism. By devoting one chapter to each field of intervention, the relevant events - selected from those in which De Gasperi and Andreotti were protagonists and which lend themselves to meaningful comparison - will be placed side by side in order to assess whether Andreotti’s self-proclaimed “Degasperianism” is well-founded or merely artfully constructed.
La Repubblica italiana è debitrice per il suo corso ad Alcide De Gasperi come a pochi altri uomini di Stato. Riunendo attorno a sé in clandestinità coloro che in seguito divennero insieme a lui democristiani, tra cui lo stesso Giulio Andreotti, lo statista trentino ha sfidato dall'interno la tenuta del monopartitismo fascista e, una volta abbattuto il regime, si è occupato di condurre pacificamente il Paese verso la democrazia. Nella neo-proclamata Repubblica, etichettata da Pietro Scoppola "Repubblica dei partiti", la Democrazia cristiana se delle volte trainava e delle altre era superata dalle coalizioni social-comuniste in termini elettorali aggregati; guardando ai movimenti presi singolarmente, è stata indiscutibilmente prima forza sino alla sua dissoluzione. In qualità di suo fondatore ed esponente, a cavallo tra la fine degli anni Quaranta e l'inizio degli anni Cinquanta, Alcide De Gasperi ha retto ben VIII esecutivi. Degno di nota ai nostri fini è che, nel IV governo De Gasperi, l’incarico di suo Sottosegretario sia stato affidato a Giulio Andreotti per il quale quel battesimo di fuoco fu l’inizio di un cursus honorum lungo e variegato. Ministro più volte di chiunque altro finora e Primo Ministro per sette volte, il senatore romano ha spuntato cariche istituzionali fino all’ultimo atto della “Repubblica dei partiti” quando, sotto la pressione di fattori internazionali e interni, il sistema politico ideato nel secondo dopoguerra ha finito per implodere. Numerose sono state le occasioni in cui Andreotti si è dichiarato ispirato da De Gasperi nel modo di amministrare la cosa pubblica. Relativamente alla politica estera, entrambi, in tempi distanti e su progetti diversi, hanno difeso l’opportunità dei due pilastri su cui si sorreggeva l’azione esterna dell’Italia quale media potenza: Europeismo e Atlantismo. Dedicando un capitolo a ciascun campo di intervento, i relativi accadimenti – selezionati tra quelli in cui De Gasperi e Andreotti si sono fatti protagonisti e che sono passibili di un confronto significativo - saranno messi uno a fianco all’altro al fine di valutare se il proclamarsi degasperiano di Andreotti sia fondato oppure confezionato ad arte.
Europeismo e Atlantismo nella “Repubblica dei Partiti”: un Confronto tra la Politica Estera di Alcide De Gasperi e di Giulio Andreotti
PELLICANO', ALESSIA PIA
2025/2026
Abstract
The Italian Republic is indebted for its historical trajectory to Alcide De Gasperi, as to very few other statesmen. By gathering around himself clandestinely those who would later, together with him, become Christian-democrats - including Giulio Andreotti himself - the Trentino statesman challenged from within the stability of the Fascist one-party system and, once the regime had been overthrown, took charge of guiding the country peacefully toward democracy. In the newly proclaimed Republic - labelled by Pietro Scoppola “Republic of parties”- the Christian Democracy, while at times leading and at other times being surpassed by socialist-communist coalitions, in aggregate electoral terms; nevertheless, when individual parties are considered, remained indisputably the leading political force until its dissolution. As founder and leading figure of the party, between the late 1940s and the early 1950s, Alcide De Gasperi headed eight governments. Of particular relevance for our purposes is the fact that, in the IV De Gasperi government, the position of Undersecretary was entrusted to Giulio Andreotti, for whom this baptism of fire marked the beginning of a long and varied cursus honorum. Serving as minister more times than anyone else to date and as Prime Minister on seven occasions, the Roman senator held institutional offices until the final act of the “Republic of parties,” when, under the pressure of both international and domestic factors, the political system devised in the immediate post-war period ultimately imploded. There were numerous occasions on which Andreotti declared himself inspired by De Gasperi in his approach to public affairs administration. Regarding foreign policy, both of them - at different times and in pursuit of different projects - defended the appropriateness of the two pillars upon which the external action of Italy as a medium power rested: Europeanism and Atlanticism. By devoting one chapter to each field of intervention, the relevant events - selected from those in which De Gasperi and Andreotti were protagonists and which lend themselves to meaningful comparison - will be placed side by side in order to assess whether Andreotti’s self-proclaimed “Degasperianism” is well-founded or merely artfully constructed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104859