The objective of this thesis is to describe the evolution of intermediate-mass stars ($2−11M_\odot$), with a specific focus on the advanced stages of the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) and super-AGB, along with the complex phenomena of nucleosynthesis and mass loss that characterize them. The evolution of these stars is driven by the initial mass: a fundamental parameter that defines the nuclear burning regimes and, consequently, the final fate, which oscillates between the formation of carbon-oxygen (CO) or oxygen-neon (ONe) white dwarfs, and the eventual explosion as an electron-capture supernova. The discussion begins with an analysis of the theoretical framework based on the equations of stellar structure and the dominant physical mechanisms: the equation of state, opacity, and energy transport processes, with particular attention to convection. The core of the research focuses on the analysis of 'dredge-up' processes: convective mixing mechanisms that transport the products of internal nuclear reactions toward the stellar surface. In particular, the role of the second dredge-up (SDU), which occurs following the exhaustion of central helium, and the third dredge-up (TDU), associated with the thermal pulses of the AGB and super-AGB phase, is explored in depth. Through the analysis of theoretical models, the paper investigates the complex relationship between the growth of the core mass and the simultaneous reduction of the envelope mass, determining the lifetimes of the different evolutionary stages. Particular attention is paid to the impact of mass loss, driven by stellar winds and radiation pressure on dust grains, as a regulatory mechanism of the final evolution, providing an accurate reconstruction of the evolutionary fate of these stars.
L’obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di descrivere l’evoluzione delle stelle di massa intermedia ($2−11M_\odot$), con focus specifico sulle fasi avanzate del ramo asintotico delle giganti (AGB) e super-AGB con i complessi fenomeni di nucleosintesi e perdita di massa che le caratterizzano. L’evoluzione di queste stelle è guidata dalla massa iniziale: parametro fondamentale che definisce i regimi di combustione nucleare e, di conseguenza, anche il destino finale, il quale oscilla tra la formazione di nane bianche carbonio-ossigeno (CO), oppure ossigeno-neon (ONe), e l'eventuale esplosione come supernova a cattura elettronica. La trattazione comincia con un’analisi del quadro teorico basato sulle equazioni di struttura stellare e sui meccanismi fisici dominanti: l’equazione di stato, l’opacità e i processi di trasporto di energia con particolare attenzione alla convezione. Il cuore della ricerca si concentra sull'analisi dei processi di "dredge-up”: meccanismi di mescolamento convettivo che trasportano i prodotti delle reazioni nucleari interne verso la superficie stellare. In particolare, viene approfondito il ruolo del secondo dredge-up (SDU), che avviene in seguito all'esaurimento dell'elio centrale, e del terzo dredge-up (TDU), associato ai pulsi termici della fase AGB e super-AGB. Attraverso l'analisi dei modelli teorici, l'elaborato indaga la complessa relazione tra la crescita della massa del core e la contestuale riduzione della massa dell'inviluppo, determinando i tempi di vita delle diverse fasi evolutive. Particolare attenzione è rivolta all'impatto della perdita di massa (mass-loss), guidata dai venti stellari e dalla pressione di radiazione sui grani di polvere, come meccanismo regolatore dell'evoluzione finale, fornendo una ricostruzione accurata del destino evolutivo di queste stelle.
Le Stelle Super-AGB nel Contesto dell'Evoluzione Stellare
BATTISTELLA, RACHELE
2025/2026
Abstract
The objective of this thesis is to describe the evolution of intermediate-mass stars ($2−11M_\odot$), with a specific focus on the advanced stages of the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) and super-AGB, along with the complex phenomena of nucleosynthesis and mass loss that characterize them. The evolution of these stars is driven by the initial mass: a fundamental parameter that defines the nuclear burning regimes and, consequently, the final fate, which oscillates between the formation of carbon-oxygen (CO) or oxygen-neon (ONe) white dwarfs, and the eventual explosion as an electron-capture supernova. The discussion begins with an analysis of the theoretical framework based on the equations of stellar structure and the dominant physical mechanisms: the equation of state, opacity, and energy transport processes, with particular attention to convection. The core of the research focuses on the analysis of 'dredge-up' processes: convective mixing mechanisms that transport the products of internal nuclear reactions toward the stellar surface. In particular, the role of the second dredge-up (SDU), which occurs following the exhaustion of central helium, and the third dredge-up (TDU), associated with the thermal pulses of the AGB and super-AGB phase, is explored in depth. Through the analysis of theoretical models, the paper investigates the complex relationship between the growth of the core mass and the simultaneous reduction of the envelope mass, determining the lifetimes of the different evolutionary stages. Particular attention is paid to the impact of mass loss, driven by stellar winds and radiation pressure on dust grains, as a regulatory mechanism of the final evolution, providing an accurate reconstruction of the evolutionary fate of these stars.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104898