This report examines the Generation IV nuclear technologies proposed by the Generation IV International Forum (GIF), with the aim of describing their design principles, technical characteristics, and potential contribution to the future energy system. The work focuses on the six reactor concepts identified by GIF, highlighting their common objectives in terms of fuel cycle sustainability, intrinsic safety, thermodynamic efficiency, and the use of new high temperature coolants. This is a literature-based thesis, consisting of the selection of data from scientific publications and international reports. The final chapter compares the main electricity generation technologies using several parameters, including LCOE, LCA, land use, capacity factor, and the share in the current and future energy mix according to IEA scenarios for 2030 and 2050. The results show that Generation IV reactors offer significant potential improvements over current nuclear technologies, particularly in the reduction and reuse of high level waste through fast reactors, in the increase of efficiency enabled by higher operating temperatures, and in the possibility of implementing advanced applications such as hydrogen production. The comparison with major energy sources further highlights the competitiveness of advanced nuclear power in terms of production continuity and environmental impact. In conclusion, the analysis confirms that Generation IV technologies represent an evolution of nuclear energy toward greater sustainability, safety, and versatility, while still requiring further technological and industrial development for full-scale deployment.
La presente relazione analizza le tecnologie nucleari di IV generazione proposte dal Generation IV International Forum (GIF), con l’obiettivo di descriverne i principi progettuali, le caratteristiche tecniche e il potenziale contributo al sistema energetico futuro. L’elaborato si concentra in particolare sui sei sistemi reattoristici individuati dal GIF, evidenziandone gli obiettivi comuni in termini di sostenibilità del ciclo del combustibile, sicurezza intrinseca, efficienza termodinamica e utilizzo di nuovi refrigeranti ad alta temperatura. La metodologia adottata è di tipo compilativo e si basa su un’analisi bibliografica strutturata, costituita della selezione dei dati provenienti da letteratura scientifica e rapporti internazionali. Nel capitolo finale si confrontano invece le principali tecnologie per la produzione di energia elettrica su vari parametri quali LCOE, LCA, occupazione del suolo, fattore di carico e share nel mix energetico attuale e futuro secondo gli scenari IEA al 2030 e 2050. I risultati mostrano che i reattori di IV generazione offrono potenziali miglioramenti significativi rispetto alle tecnologie nucleari attuali, in particolare nella riduzione e nel riutilizzo delle scorie tramite reattori veloci, nell’aumento dell’efficienza grazie alle alte temperature operative e nella possibilità di implementare applicazioni avanzate come la produzione di idrogeno. Il confronto con le principali fonti energetiche evidenzia inoltre la competitività del nucleare avanzato in termini di continuità di produzione e impatto ambientale. In conclusione, l’analisi conferma che le tecnologie di IV generazione rappresentano un’evoluzione del nucleare verso maggiore sostenibilità, sicurezza e versatilità, pur richiedendo ulteriori sviluppi tecnologici e industriali per una piena implementazione.
I reattori nucleari di IV generazione: tecnologie, obiettivi e confronto con le fonti energetiche attuali
TURCATO, ENRICO
2025/2026
Abstract
This report examines the Generation IV nuclear technologies proposed by the Generation IV International Forum (GIF), with the aim of describing their design principles, technical characteristics, and potential contribution to the future energy system. The work focuses on the six reactor concepts identified by GIF, highlighting their common objectives in terms of fuel cycle sustainability, intrinsic safety, thermodynamic efficiency, and the use of new high temperature coolants. This is a literature-based thesis, consisting of the selection of data from scientific publications and international reports. The final chapter compares the main electricity generation technologies using several parameters, including LCOE, LCA, land use, capacity factor, and the share in the current and future energy mix according to IEA scenarios for 2030 and 2050. The results show that Generation IV reactors offer significant potential improvements over current nuclear technologies, particularly in the reduction and reuse of high level waste through fast reactors, in the increase of efficiency enabled by higher operating temperatures, and in the possibility of implementing advanced applications such as hydrogen production. The comparison with major energy sources further highlights the competitiveness of advanced nuclear power in terms of production continuity and environmental impact. In conclusion, the analysis confirms that Generation IV technologies represent an evolution of nuclear energy toward greater sustainability, safety, and versatility, while still requiring further technological and industrial development for full-scale deployment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104956