"Characterization of Aspergillus vine canker disease of table grape in Spain"

Aspergillus vine canker, an emerging threat to table grape production in Spain, was comprehensively characterized to elucidate pathogen biology, epidemiology, and diagnosis. This study identified pathogenic Aspergillus spp. associated with perennial cankers and vascular decline in Spanish vineyards through molecular techniques, including species-specific PCR and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin). In vitro and in planta inoculation trials under controlled conditions confirmed pathogenicity and fulfilled Koch's postulates. Critical temperature parameters for mycelial growth, sporulation, and infection were established, revealing optimal virulence at 25–30°C and significant inhibition below 15°C or above 35°C. Field surveys correlated disease severity with prolonged exposure to conducive temperatures (>25°C) during early summer. The integration of molecular diagnostics with temperature-dependent pathogen behavior provides novel insights into disease dynamics in Mediterranean climates. Findings support the development of targeted detection tools and climate-resilient management strategies for Spanish viticulture.