Glioblastoma represents the most common and aggressive primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by high invasiveness, pronounced biological heterogeneity, and limited responsiveness to currently available therapies. Patient prognosis remains extremely poor, highlighting the urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Among these, oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy, utilizing wild-type or genetically engineered viruses capable of selectively replicating in tumor cells and inducing their lysis. The present study aimed to investigate the activity of the oncolytic virus oHSV-1 mCherry in human three-dimensional cerebral models to evaluate its infection selectivity and antitumor potential in glioblastoma. To this end, advanced in vitro experimental systems were employed, including cerebral organoids, glioblastoma tumoroids, and assembloids integrating both healthy and tumor compartments. The study also assessed the potential use of infected monocytes as carrier cells to facilitate viral delivery and enhance the antitumor efficacy of the oncolytic virus within neoplastic tissue. Experimental results demonstrated limited viral replication in healthy cerebral organoids, indicating a favorable safety profile for the viral construct. In contrast, glioblastoma-containing models exhibited robust viral replication accompanied by progressive cytopathic effects. Moreover, the use of monocytes as cellular vectors further increased viral dissemination and amplified the antitumor response in three-dimensional cerebral models. Overall, the findings suggest that the oncolytic virus oHSV-1 mCherry, in combination with cellular delivery strategies and advanced three-dimensional models, represents a promising platform for investigating and developing novel therapeutic approaches against glioblastoma. These results provide a foundation for future preclinical and clinical studies, supporting the potential of this strategy to improve treatment outcomes for patients with this highly aggressive malignancy.
Il glioblastoma è il tumore maligno primario più frequente e aggressivo del sistema nervoso centrale ed è caratterizzato da elevata infiltratività, marcata eterogeneità biologica e scarsa risposta alle terapie attualmente disponibili. La prognosi è infausta; pertanto, si rende necessario lo sviluppo di approcci terapeutici innovativi. Tra questi, la viroterapia oncolitica rappresenta una strategia promettente basata sull’utilizzo di virus wild type o geneticamente modificati, in grado di replicarsi selettivamente nelle cellule tumorali inducendone la lisi. Il presente studio ha l’obiettivo di analizzare il comportamento in vitro dei virus oncolitici, in particolare di oHSV-1 mCherry, in modelli tridimensionali cerebrali umani, al fine di valutarne la selettività d’infezione e il potenziale effetto antitumorale nel contesto del glioblastoma. Sono stati impiegati sistemi sperimentali costituiti da modelli cerebrali tridimensionali tra cui organoidi, tumoroidi contenenti cellule di glioblastoma e assembloidi cerebrali. In particolare, è stato valutato il possibile utilizzo di monociti infettati come cellule carrier per il trasporto e il potenziamento dell’efficacia dei virus oncolitici verso il tessuto neoplastico. Le analisi sperimentali hanno evidenziato una replicazione virale limitata negli organoidi cerebrali sani, indicando un favorevole profilo di sicurezza biologica del costrutto virale. Al contrario, nei modelli tumorali il virus ha mostrato una maggiore capacità replicativa associata a un progressivo effetto citopatico sulle cellule di glioblastoma, come atteso. L’impiego dei monociti come vettori cellulari ha inoltre determinato un incremento della diffusione virale e un effetto antitumorale più marcato nei modelli cerebrali tridimensionali. Nel complesso, i risultati ottenuti tramite diverse sperimentazioni suggeriscono come l’utilizzo del virus oncolitico oHSV-1 mCherry, in combinazione con strategie di veicolazione cellulare e modelli tridimensionali avanzati, rappresenti un approccio valido e promettente per lo studio e lo sviluppo di nuove strategie terapeutiche per contrastare il glioblastoma.
Analisi in vitro dell'efficacia di un approccio oncovirolitico in modelli cerebrali umani tridimensionali per il trattamento del Glioblastoma
BOLOGNINI, MARGHERITA IRIS
2025/2026
Abstract
Glioblastoma represents the most common and aggressive primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by high invasiveness, pronounced biological heterogeneity, and limited responsiveness to currently available therapies. Patient prognosis remains extremely poor, highlighting the urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Among these, oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy, utilizing wild-type or genetically engineered viruses capable of selectively replicating in tumor cells and inducing their lysis. The present study aimed to investigate the activity of the oncolytic virus oHSV-1 mCherry in human three-dimensional cerebral models to evaluate its infection selectivity and antitumor potential in glioblastoma. To this end, advanced in vitro experimental systems were employed, including cerebral organoids, glioblastoma tumoroids, and assembloids integrating both healthy and tumor compartments. The study also assessed the potential use of infected monocytes as carrier cells to facilitate viral delivery and enhance the antitumor efficacy of the oncolytic virus within neoplastic tissue. Experimental results demonstrated limited viral replication in healthy cerebral organoids, indicating a favorable safety profile for the viral construct. In contrast, glioblastoma-containing models exhibited robust viral replication accompanied by progressive cytopathic effects. Moreover, the use of monocytes as cellular vectors further increased viral dissemination and amplified the antitumor response in three-dimensional cerebral models. Overall, the findings suggest that the oncolytic virus oHSV-1 mCherry, in combination with cellular delivery strategies and advanced three-dimensional models, represents a promising platform for investigating and developing novel therapeutic approaches against glioblastoma. These results provide a foundation for future preclinical and clinical studies, supporting the potential of this strategy to improve treatment outcomes for patients with this highly aggressive malignancy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/105338