Heart Failure (HF), a pathological condition in which the heart fails to pump enough blood to meet the body’s metabolic needs, represents a complex clinical syndrome with different classifications based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), such as HFrEF (LVEF < 40%) and HFpEF (LVEF 50%), and severity of symptoms according to the NYHA (New York Heart Association) classification. HF management often includes exercise as a key component of cardiac rehabilitation. Recent studies have explored the effectiveness of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), a method characterized by short periods of intense activity followed by active or passive recovery, comparing it with other training modes such as Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT), Circuit Training (CT), and Circuit Resistance Training (CRT). The objective of this thesis is to test whether HIIT training is effective on subjects with heart failure, assessing their potential cardiovascular adaptations and overall health. The review of relevant literature indicates that HIIT is a viable option for patients with HF, provided it is properly structured and supervised. In addition to the cardiovascular benefits, HIIT can induce beneficial changes in muscle strength and overall physical performance as it has produced significant increases in peak isocinetic torque and average power. Its dynamic and intermittent structure improves muscle strength more effectively by offering a more complete range of benefits than other training methods. In summary, data analysis indicates that High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) acts as a significant tool in managing the health of people with heart failure, Although the practical implementation may present difficulties with regard to maintaining intensity and need for supervision, its potential benefits distinct in aspect such as muscle strength, autonomous balance and LVEF, along with comparable or superior benefits compared to other methods, the use of HIIT in the target population is supported.
L'Insufficienza Cardiaca (IC), una condizione patologica in cui il cuore non riesce a pompare sangue sufficiente a soddisfare le esigenze metaboliche dell'organismo, rappresenta una sindrome clinica complessa con diverse classificazioni basate sulla frazione di eiezione ventricolare sinistra (LVEF), come HFrEF (LVEF < 40%) e HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 50%), e sulla gravità dei sintomi secondo la classificazione NYHA (New York Heart Association). La gestione dell'IC spesso include l'esercizio fisico come componente fondamentale della riabilitazione cardiaca. Recenti studi hanno esplorato l'efficacia dell'Allenamento a Intervalli ad Alta Intensità (HIIT), una metodica caratterizzata da brevi periodi di attività intensa seguiti da recupero attivo o passivo, confrontandolo con altre modalità di allenamento come l'Allenamento Continuo a Intensità Moderata (MICT), il Circuit Training (CT), e il Circuit Resistance Training (CRT). L’obbiettivo di questa tesi è verificare se l’allenamento HIIT è efficace su i soggetti con insufficienza cardiaca, valutandone i potenziali adattamenti cardiovascolari e la salute generale. La revisione della letteratura pertinente indica che l’HIIT costituisce una valida opzione praticabile per i pazienti con IC, a condizione che sia strutturato e supervisionato adeguatamente. Oltre ai vantaggi cardiovascolari l’HIIT può indurre modifiche benefiche nella forza muscolare e nelle prestazioni fisiche complessive, esso infatti ha prodotto aumenti significativi della coppia isocinetica di picco e della potenza media. La sua struttura dinamica e intermittente migliora la forza muscolare in modo più efficace offrendo una gamma più completa di benefici rispetto agli altri metodi di allenamento. In sintesi, l’analisi dei dati indica che l’High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) funge da strumento significativo nella gestione della salute delle persone affette da insufficienza cardiaca, nonostante l’implementazione pratica possa presentare difficoltà per quanto riguarda il mantenimento dell’intensità e la necessità di supervisione, i suoi potenziali vantaggi distinti in aspetto come la forza muscolare, l’equilibrio autonomo e la LVEF, insieme a benefici comparabili o superiori rispetto ad altre metodiche, è supportato l’utilizzo di HIIT nella popolazione target.
Effetto dell'allenamento a intervalli ad alta intensità nei pazienti con insufficienza cardiaca
DESSABO, ANDREA
2025/2026
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF), a pathological condition in which the heart fails to pump enough blood to meet the body’s metabolic needs, represents a complex clinical syndrome with different classifications based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), such as HFrEF (LVEF < 40%) and HFpEF (LVEF 50%), and severity of symptoms according to the NYHA (New York Heart Association) classification. HF management often includes exercise as a key component of cardiac rehabilitation. Recent studies have explored the effectiveness of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), a method characterized by short periods of intense activity followed by active or passive recovery, comparing it with other training modes such as Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT), Circuit Training (CT), and Circuit Resistance Training (CRT). The objective of this thesis is to test whether HIIT training is effective on subjects with heart failure, assessing their potential cardiovascular adaptations and overall health. The review of relevant literature indicates that HIIT is a viable option for patients with HF, provided it is properly structured and supervised. In addition to the cardiovascular benefits, HIIT can induce beneficial changes in muscle strength and overall physical performance as it has produced significant increases in peak isocinetic torque and average power. Its dynamic and intermittent structure improves muscle strength more effectively by offering a more complete range of benefits than other training methods. In summary, data analysis indicates that High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) acts as a significant tool in managing the health of people with heart failure, Although the practical implementation may present difficulties with regard to maintaining intensity and need for supervision, its potential benefits distinct in aspect such as muscle strength, autonomous balance and LVEF, along with comparable or superior benefits compared to other methods, the use of HIIT in the target population is supported.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/105675