The thesis addresses climate change by situating it within a long-term historical perspective, necessary to distinguish the natural oscillations of the Earth system from the transformations that characterize the industrial and contemporary era. To this end, Arctic ice archives are examined, with particular focus on the Greenland Ice Sheet, whose continuous and high-resolution stratification allows the reconstruction of climate evolution over the last 2000 years. After outlining the role of the main natural forcings active prior to industrialization, the study explores the significance of ice cores as complex paleoclimatic archives. The integration of physical and chemical indicators, including stable water isotopes, volcanic ionic components, solid microparticles, and trapped gases, enables the reconstruction of past atmospheric conditions through a multiparametric approach. Particular attention is devoted to the development of a reliable chronological framework, based on annual layer counting and independent volcanic markers, ensuring chronological consistency among different Greenland sites and supporting the interpretation of the records. The reconstruction of the main historical–climatic intervals highlights significant differences in the system’s modes of response. Between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, unstable conditions emerge, with recurrent cooling episodes frequently associated with intense volcanic activity, culminating in the Late Antique Little Ice Age. The Medieval Climate Anomaly displays relatively milder conditions in the North Atlantic sector, though with marked regional heterogeneity. The Little Ice Age is characterized by a return to generally lower temperatures, structured into distinct episodes in which frequent major eruptions and phases of reduced solar activity played a relevant role. The industrial and contemporary period, by contrast, is distinguished by a progressive and accelerating warming trend, identifiable in glacial proxies and consistent with instrumental observations. Comparison among these phases indicates that, whereas preindustrial perturbations were generally limited in duration, recent evolution is marked by persistence and rapidity that place it beyond the range documented during the previous two millennia. The perspective provided by ice archives also holds applied relevance for environmental and forest sciences, as it contributes to assessing the sensitivity of Arctic and boreal systems to prolonged shifts in thermal and hydrological regimes. The integration of paleoclimatic knowledge with predictive tools therefore represents an essential step toward guiding management strategies grounded in adaptation, resilience, and long-term sustainability.
La tesi affronta il tema del cambiamento climatico collocandolo entro una prospettiva storica estesa, necessaria per distinguere le oscillazioni naturali del sistema Terra dalle trasformazioni che contraddistinguono l’età industriale e contemporanea. A questo scopo vengono esaminati gli archivi glaciali artici, con particolare attenzione alla calotta groenlandese, la cui stratificazione continua e ad alta risoluzione permette di ricostruire l’andamento climatico degli ultimi 2000 anni. Dopo aver richiamato il ruolo delle principali forzanti naturali attive prima dell’industrializzazione, il lavoro approfondisce il valore delle carote di ghiaccio come archivi paleoclimatici complessi. L’integrazione di indicatori fisici e chimici, quali isotopi stabili dell’acqua, componenti ioniche di origine vulcanica, microparticelle solide e gas intrappolati, consente di ricostruire le condizioni atmosferiche del passato attraverso un approccio multiparametrico. Centrale risulta la definizione della scala temporale, fondata sul conteggio degli strati annuali e sul controllo mediante marcatori vulcanici indipendenti, che assicura coerenza cronologica tra i diversi siti groenlandesi e sostiene l’interpretazione dei record. La ricostruzione dei principali intervalli storico-climatici mette in luce differenze significative nelle modalità di risposta del sistema. Tra il Tardo Antico e l’Alto Medioevo emergono condizioni instabili, con raffreddamenti ricorrenti spesso associati a intensa attività vulcanica, culminati nella Late Antique Little Ice Age. Il Periodo Caldo Medievale presenta condizioni relativamente più miti nel settore nord-atlantico, ma con un’espressione regionale disomogenea. La Piccola Età Glaciale è invece contraddistinta da un ritorno a temperature mediamente inferiori, articolato in episodi distinti nei quali la frequenza di grandi eruzioni e le fasi di ridotta attività solare assumono un ruolo rilevante. L’età industriale e contemporanea si distingue per una tendenza al riscaldamento progressiva e in accelerazione, riconoscibile nei proxy glaciali e coerente con le osservazioni strumentali. Il confronto tra queste fasi evidenzia che, mentre le perturbazioni preindustriali risultano generalmente limitate nel tempo, l’evoluzione recente si caratterizza per continuità e rapidità tali da collocarla oltre l’intervallo documentato nei due millenni precedenti. La prospettiva offerta dagli archivi glaciali assume inoltre rilevanza applicativa per le scienze ambientali e forestali, poiché consente di valutare la sensibilità dei sistemi artici e boreali a mutamenti prolungati del regime termico e idrologico. L’integrazione tra conoscenze paleoclimatiche e strumenti previsionali rappresenta quindi un passaggio essenziale per orientare strategie gestionali fondate su adattamento, resilienza e sostenibilità nel lungo periodo.
Le carote di ghiaccio della Groenlandia come archivi dei cambiamenti climatici e segnali vulcanici degli ultimi 2000 anni
RIGON, MATTEO
2025/2026
Abstract
The thesis addresses climate change by situating it within a long-term historical perspective, necessary to distinguish the natural oscillations of the Earth system from the transformations that characterize the industrial and contemporary era. To this end, Arctic ice archives are examined, with particular focus on the Greenland Ice Sheet, whose continuous and high-resolution stratification allows the reconstruction of climate evolution over the last 2000 years. After outlining the role of the main natural forcings active prior to industrialization, the study explores the significance of ice cores as complex paleoclimatic archives. The integration of physical and chemical indicators, including stable water isotopes, volcanic ionic components, solid microparticles, and trapped gases, enables the reconstruction of past atmospheric conditions through a multiparametric approach. Particular attention is devoted to the development of a reliable chronological framework, based on annual layer counting and independent volcanic markers, ensuring chronological consistency among different Greenland sites and supporting the interpretation of the records. The reconstruction of the main historical–climatic intervals highlights significant differences in the system’s modes of response. Between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, unstable conditions emerge, with recurrent cooling episodes frequently associated with intense volcanic activity, culminating in the Late Antique Little Ice Age. The Medieval Climate Anomaly displays relatively milder conditions in the North Atlantic sector, though with marked regional heterogeneity. The Little Ice Age is characterized by a return to generally lower temperatures, structured into distinct episodes in which frequent major eruptions and phases of reduced solar activity played a relevant role. The industrial and contemporary period, by contrast, is distinguished by a progressive and accelerating warming trend, identifiable in glacial proxies and consistent with instrumental observations. Comparison among these phases indicates that, whereas preindustrial perturbations were generally limited in duration, recent evolution is marked by persistence and rapidity that place it beyond the range documented during the previous two millennia. The perspective provided by ice archives also holds applied relevance for environmental and forest sciences, as it contributes to assessing the sensitivity of Arctic and boreal systems to prolonged shifts in thermal and hydrological regimes. The integration of paleoclimatic knowledge with predictive tools therefore represents an essential step toward guiding management strategies grounded in adaptation, resilience, and long-term sustainability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Rigon_Matteo.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
2 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/105856