Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive and mood alterations, with a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, and management is often challenging due to the heterogeneity of symptoms and the lack of specific biomarkers. This thesis analyzes the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in fibromyalgia, with particular attention to central sensitization, neuroinflammation, and dysfunction of pain modulation pathways. The main available therapeutic approaches are discussed, including both pharmacological treatments and non-pharmacological interventions recommended by clinical guidelines, highlighting the importance of a multimodal and personalized strategy. A specific focus is dedicated to the emerging role of the gut microbiota and to the potential contribution of nutraceuticals and dietary strategies as supportive tools in symptom management. In conclusion, fibromyalgia requires an integrated and multidisciplinary approach, while current evidence regarding microbiota- and nutraceutical-based interventions is promising but still needs further clinical confirmation.
La fibromialgia è una sindrome cronica complessa caratterizzata da dolore muscoloscheletrico diffuso, fatigue, disturbi del sonno e alterazioni cognitive e dell’umore, con un forte impatto sulla qualità di vita. La diagnosi è prevalentemente clinica e la gestione risulta spesso difficile a causa dell’eterogeneità del quadro sintomatologico e della mancanza di biomarcatori specifici. La presente tesi analizza i principali meccanismi fisiopatologici coinvolti nella fibromialgia, con particolare attenzione alla sensibilizzazione centrale, alla neuroinfiammazione e alla disfunzione dei sistemi di modulazione del dolore. Vengono discussi i principali approcci terapeutici disponibili, comprendendo sia trattamenti farmacologici sia interventi non farmacologici raccomandati dalle linee guida, evidenziando l’importanza di un approccio multimodale e personalizzato. Un focus specifico è dedicato al ruolo emergente del microbiota intestinale e al potenziale contributo della nutraceutica e delle strategie dietetiche come supporto nella gestione dei sintomi. In conclusione, la fibromialgia richiede un trattamento integrato e multidisciplinare, mentre le evidenze su microbiota e nutraceutica risultano promettenti ma necessitano di ulteriori conferme cliniche.
FRIBROMIALGIA TRA COMPLESSITA’ E MULTIMODALITA’ TERAPEUTICA: RUOLO DI MICROBIOTA E NUTRACEUTICA
FAVARIN, ELISA
2025/2026
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive and mood alterations, with a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, and management is often challenging due to the heterogeneity of symptoms and the lack of specific biomarkers. This thesis analyzes the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in fibromyalgia, with particular attention to central sensitization, neuroinflammation, and dysfunction of pain modulation pathways. The main available therapeutic approaches are discussed, including both pharmacological treatments and non-pharmacological interventions recommended by clinical guidelines, highlighting the importance of a multimodal and personalized strategy. A specific focus is dedicated to the emerging role of the gut microbiota and to the potential contribution of nutraceuticals and dietary strategies as supportive tools in symptom management. In conclusion, fibromyalgia requires an integrated and multidisciplinary approach, while current evidence regarding microbiota- and nutraceutical-based interventions is promising but still needs further clinical confirmation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/105896