This work analyzes Italian regionalism by adopting an institutionalist and empirical perspective aimed at grasping its specificities in light of the most recent transformations. The research is distinguished by a methodological approach that, starting from a diachronic reconstruction of the regional model, systematically enhances a comparative “from abroad” perspective, drawing in particular on the international literature that has devoted increasing attention to the Italian case. This hermeneutic choice makes it possible to grasp the peculiarities, ambiguities, and potentialities that, due to their cultural proximity, might otherwise escape the domestic interpreter, thereby contributing to restoring to Italian regionalism the theoretical and operational dignity that has often been denied in the domestic debate. The research traces the main evolutionary stages of the regional model: from the nineteenth-century premises to the constitutional compromise of 1948, characterized by a singular asymmetry, up to the delayed implementation of the ordinary regions and the subsequent constitutional reforms of the 1990s and 2000s. The analysis critically focuses on the implementation of the reformed Title V, highlighting the gap between federalist expectations and the concrete functioning of the system. Within this framework, foreign literature emphasizes the uniqueness of the Italian path, often excluded from classifications of federal countries, due to a context - the Italian one - marked by a persistent absence of a “federal spirit” and by a still weak culture of autonomy. Specific attention is devoted to the challenges of contemporary times, which reshape the very meaning of regional autonomy, demanding a rethinking of the function of regionalism: rather than pursuing a generalized allocation of competences, autonomy should concentrate on those sectors where geographical proximity and a direct relationship with the citizen represent an added value, according to a “tailor made” logic, stitched onto the Italian territory like a bespoke suit. The debate on differentiated autonomy, read through this lens, then offers an opportunity to recompose the relationship between autonomy and solidarity, provided that the differentiation process does not lead to fragmentation but becomes a synthesis of the plural into a non homogenizing unity. In this perspective, the work aims to contribute to the legal reflection on Italian regionalism, advocating for an approach that, through an open gaze toward change and comparison with external models, is able to combine tradition and innovation, unity and pluralism.
Il presente lavoro analizza il regionalismo italiano adottando una prospettiva istituzionalistica ed empirica volta a coglierne le specificità alla luce delle trasformazioni più recenti. La ricerca si distingue per un’impostazione metodologica che, muovendo da una ricostruzione diacronica del modello regionale, valorizza sistematicamente lo sguardo comparato “dall’esterno”, attingendo in particolare alla letteratura internazionale che ha dedicato crescente attenzione al caso italiano. Tale scelta ermeneutica consente di cogliere le peculiarità, ambiguità e potenzialità che, per la loro prossimità culturale, rischierebbero altrimenti di sfuggire all’interprete domestico, contribuendo a restituire al regionalismo italiano quella dignità teorica e operativa spesso negata nel dibattito interno. L’indagine ripercorre le principali tappe evolutive del modello regionale: dalle premesse ottocentesche al compromesso costituzionale del 1948, caratterizzato da una singolare asimmetria, fino alla tardiva attuazione delle regioni ordinarie e alle successive riforme costituzionali degli anni Novanta e Duemila. L’analisi si concentra criticamente sull’attuazione del Titolo V riformato, evidenziando il divario tra le aspettative federaliste e la concreta operatività del sistema. In questa cornice, la letteratura straniera sottolinea l’unicità del percorso italiano, spesso escluso dalle classifiche dei paesi federali, in ragione di un contesto, quale quello italiano, segnato da una persistente assenza di “federal spirit” e da una cultura dell’autonomia ancora debole. Un’attenzione specifica è dedicata alle sfide poste dalla contemporaneità, che ridisegnano il senso stesso dell’autonomia regionale, imponendo di ripensare la funzione del regionalismo: anziché inseguire una generalizzata attribuzione di competenze, l’autonomia dovrebbe concentrarsi su quei settori in cui la prossimità geografica e il rapporto diretto con il cittadino rappresentano un valore aggiunto, secondo una logica “tailor made”, cucita sul territorio italiano come un abito su misura. Il dibattito sull’autonomia differenziata, letto attraverso tale lente, offre allora l’occasione per ricomporre il rapporto tra autonomia e solidarietà, a condizione che il processo di differenziazione non si traduca in frammentazione, ma divenga sintesi del plurale in un’unità non omologante. In questa prospettiva, la trattazione intende fornire un contributo alla riflessione giuridica sul regionalismo italiano, auspicando un approccio che, attraverso uno sguardo aperto al cambiamento e al confronto con modelli esterni, sappia coniugare tradizione e innovazione, unità e pluralismo.
La ricerca di un equilibrio nel regionalismo italiano: dalla dialettica tra unità e autonomia verso un modello su misura di differenziazione
CANNIZZO, NICOLE
2025/2026
Abstract
This work analyzes Italian regionalism by adopting an institutionalist and empirical perspective aimed at grasping its specificities in light of the most recent transformations. The research is distinguished by a methodological approach that, starting from a diachronic reconstruction of the regional model, systematically enhances a comparative “from abroad” perspective, drawing in particular on the international literature that has devoted increasing attention to the Italian case. This hermeneutic choice makes it possible to grasp the peculiarities, ambiguities, and potentialities that, due to their cultural proximity, might otherwise escape the domestic interpreter, thereby contributing to restoring to Italian regionalism the theoretical and operational dignity that has often been denied in the domestic debate. The research traces the main evolutionary stages of the regional model: from the nineteenth-century premises to the constitutional compromise of 1948, characterized by a singular asymmetry, up to the delayed implementation of the ordinary regions and the subsequent constitutional reforms of the 1990s and 2000s. The analysis critically focuses on the implementation of the reformed Title V, highlighting the gap between federalist expectations and the concrete functioning of the system. Within this framework, foreign literature emphasizes the uniqueness of the Italian path, often excluded from classifications of federal countries, due to a context - the Italian one - marked by a persistent absence of a “federal spirit” and by a still weak culture of autonomy. Specific attention is devoted to the challenges of contemporary times, which reshape the very meaning of regional autonomy, demanding a rethinking of the function of regionalism: rather than pursuing a generalized allocation of competences, autonomy should concentrate on those sectors where geographical proximity and a direct relationship with the citizen represent an added value, according to a “tailor made” logic, stitched onto the Italian territory like a bespoke suit. The debate on differentiated autonomy, read through this lens, then offers an opportunity to recompose the relationship between autonomy and solidarity, provided that the differentiation process does not lead to fragmentation but becomes a synthesis of the plural into a non homogenizing unity. In this perspective, the work aims to contribute to the legal reflection on Italian regionalism, advocating for an approach that, through an open gaze toward change and comparison with external models, is able to combine tradition and innovation, unity and pluralism.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/106174