Consumer law has undergone a significant evolution over time as a result of the progressive transformation of international trade and of the market itself. The latter is increasingly characterised by digitalisation processes, which have led to the growing absence of a direct relationship between professionals and consumers. The Consumer Code has been subject to numerous legislative interventions aimed at transposing European directives providing updates to the regulatory framework designed to protect consumers against unfair commercial practices. Such interventions have affected both the general discipline and, more significantly, the mechanisms of protection afforded to consumers, as well as the sanctioning regime applicable to professionals. Within this context, particular relevance attaches to the transposition in 2023 of the Omnibus Directive (EU) 2019/2161, which strengthens and tightens the sanctions imposed on professionals engaging in unfair commercial practices to the detriment of consumers. Although this legislative intervention has generally been received positively, legal scholarship has not failed to raise criticisms concerning the effectiveness of the measures introduced. Of particular importance is also collective consumer protection, which had already addressed, in 2019, the phenomenon of so-called “deconsumerisation”. This development gave rise to a form of protection of a general nature, no longer limited exclusively to consumers, but extended to all categories of subjects, including consumers themselves. Finally, the transposition of Directive (EU) 2020/1828 through Legislative Decree No. 20 of 10 March 2023 introduced the discipline of representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers. These actions complement the remedial mechanisms already existing within the national legal system, such as the class action governed by the Code of Civil Procedure, thereby contributing to the strengthening of collective consumer protection.
La disciplina del Diritto dei consumatori, ha subito nel corso del tempo, una evoluzione significativa a causa del progressivo mutamento degli scambi internazionali e del mercato. Quest'ultimo infatti è sempre più caratterizzato dai processi di digitalizzazione che ha causato la sempre più frequente assenza di un rapporto diretto tra professionista e consumatore. Il Codice del Consumo è stato oggetto di numerosi interventi normativi al fine di recepire le direttive europee che fornivano aggiornamenti in tema di disciplina volta alla tutela dei consumatori contro le pratiche commerciali scorrette. Tali interventi hanno influito sia sulla disciplina generale, ma soprattutto sui meccanismi di tutela riconosciuti ai consumatori e sul profilo sanzionatorio riservato ai professionisti. In tale contesto, si inserisce il recepimento nel 2023 della direttiva Omnibus 2019/2161/UE che rafforza ed inasprisce le sanzioni a carico dei professionisti che pongano in essere pratiche commerciali scorrette nei confronti dei consumatori. Sebbene tale intervento normativo abbia complessivamente avuto un riscontro positivo, non sono mancante le critiche da parte della dottrina sull'efficacia di tali misure. Di particolare rilievo poi, la tutela collettiva dei consumatori che ha affrontato già nel 2019 il fenomeno della cd. "deconsumerizzazione" che ha generato una tipologia di tutela a carattere generale, ovvero non più limitata ai soli consumatori, ma diretta ad ogni tipologia di soggetto, tra i quali sono inclusi anche i consumatori stessi. Infine il recepimento della direttiva 2020/1828/UE ad opera del d.lgs. 10 marzo 2023, n. 20, che ha introdotto la disciplina delle azioni rappresentative a tutela degli interessi collettivi dei consumatori. Tali azioni si affiancano agli strumenti di tutela già presenti nel nostro ordinamento, come l'azione di classe disciplinata dal Codice di Procedura Civile, contribuendo ad ottenere un rafforzamento della tutela collettiva.
La responsabilità nelle pratiche commerciali scorrette: evoluzione della normativa europea ed italiana a tutela dei consumatori
SCOCCO, SARA
2025/2026
Abstract
Consumer law has undergone a significant evolution over time as a result of the progressive transformation of international trade and of the market itself. The latter is increasingly characterised by digitalisation processes, which have led to the growing absence of a direct relationship between professionals and consumers. The Consumer Code has been subject to numerous legislative interventions aimed at transposing European directives providing updates to the regulatory framework designed to protect consumers against unfair commercial practices. Such interventions have affected both the general discipline and, more significantly, the mechanisms of protection afforded to consumers, as well as the sanctioning regime applicable to professionals. Within this context, particular relevance attaches to the transposition in 2023 of the Omnibus Directive (EU) 2019/2161, which strengthens and tightens the sanctions imposed on professionals engaging in unfair commercial practices to the detriment of consumers. Although this legislative intervention has generally been received positively, legal scholarship has not failed to raise criticisms concerning the effectiveness of the measures introduced. Of particular importance is also collective consumer protection, which had already addressed, in 2019, the phenomenon of so-called “deconsumerisation”. This development gave rise to a form of protection of a general nature, no longer limited exclusively to consumers, but extended to all categories of subjects, including consumers themselves. Finally, the transposition of Directive (EU) 2020/1828 through Legislative Decree No. 20 of 10 March 2023 introduced the discipline of representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers. These actions complement the remedial mechanisms already existing within the national legal system, such as the class action governed by the Code of Civil Procedure, thereby contributing to the strengthening of collective consumer protection.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/106179