This research project aims to analyze the ways in which Italian journalists perceive, practice, and enact their professional independence in relation to the constraints and opportunities produced by external contingencies. The political and economic environment in which media professionals operate does not, in fact, facilitate either free information or the full protection of press freedom. The Italian media landscape is significantly shaped by market pressures, the influence of wealthy and powerful actors—often referred to as “impure editors”—and the enduring proximity between journalism, political power, and institutional actors. In addition to these dynamics, precarity, income instability, increased exposure to lawsuits and intimidation, and other risk factors appear to constitute systemic features of counter-information journalism in Italy. The study therefore focuses on those workers within the media field who, structurally, possess fewer protections, fewer resources, and lower levels of capital compared to journalists employed by major legacy media organizations. Particular attention is devoted to the editorial staff of “il manifesto” and “Radio Popolare”, two of the most prominent counter-information outlets in the Italian context, while freelance journalists—especially vulnerable from both a legal and economic standpoint—are also included in the analysis. In order to historicize, de-naturalize, and politicize the inequalities that characterize journalistic labor in Italy, the research draws on the concepts of the journalistic field (Bourdieu, 1998) and the Mediterranean or polarized pluralist model of journalism (Hallin & Mancini, 2004). Through a series of semi-structured interviews and a qualitative methodological approach, the study seeks to identify the values, practices, symbols, meanings, and organizational models that define advocacy journalism in Italy—a form of journalism characterized by horizontal structures and by the inclusion of readers and publics as integral actors in the news-making process.
Questo progetto di ricerca intende analizzare i modi in cui i giornalisti italiani percepiscono, praticano, e agiscono la propria indipendenza in relazione ai vincoli e alle opportunità poste dalle contingenze esterne. Il clima politico ed economico nel quale i professionisti lavorano, infatti, non agevola la libera informazione e il pieno rispetto della libertà di stampa. Il panorama mediatico italiano è sensibilmente condizionato dalle ingerenze del mercato, di personalità ricche e potenti (i cosiddetti editori “impuri”), e dall’influenza del mondo politico e delle istituzioni. Oltre a questi elementi, il precariato, l’instabilità salariale, la maggior esposizione a querele e intimidazioni, e altri fattori di rischio sembrano essere dinamiche sistemiche del giornalismo di controinformazione. L’attenzione della ricerca si rivolge dunque verso quelle lavoratrici e quei lavoratori del panorama mediale che, sulla carta, hanno minori tutele, minori risorse, e minori capitali rispetto ai colleghi assunti dai grossi legacy media. È stato deciso di concentrarsi maggiormente sui redattori e sulle redattrici de “il manifesto” e di “Radio Popolare”, due tra i principali organi di controinformazione in Italia; anche i liberi professionisti, particolarmente esposti da un punto di vista legale e salariale, hanno trovato il loro spazio all’interno di questo contributo. Per storicizzare, de-naturalizzare, e politicizzare le disuguaglianze che caratterizzano il lavoro giornalistico in Italia, sono stati utilizzati i concetti di campo giornalistico (Bourdieu, 1998) e di modello di giornalismo mediterraneo (Hallin, Mancini, 2004). Attraverso una serie di interviste semi-strutturate e un approccio prettamente qualitativo si è tentato, dunque, di stabilire quali sono i valori, le pratiche, i simboli, i significati, e i modelli organizzativi dell’advocacy journalism in Italia: un tipo di stampa orizzontale, che vede lettori e pubblici come parte integrante ed essenziale del processo di news making.
Controinformazione tra vincoli e opportunità: pratiche, significati, e condizioni lavorative dei giornalisti indipendenti in Italia
BEINAT, MANUEL
2025/2026
Abstract
This research project aims to analyze the ways in which Italian journalists perceive, practice, and enact their professional independence in relation to the constraints and opportunities produced by external contingencies. The political and economic environment in which media professionals operate does not, in fact, facilitate either free information or the full protection of press freedom. The Italian media landscape is significantly shaped by market pressures, the influence of wealthy and powerful actors—often referred to as “impure editors”—and the enduring proximity between journalism, political power, and institutional actors. In addition to these dynamics, precarity, income instability, increased exposure to lawsuits and intimidation, and other risk factors appear to constitute systemic features of counter-information journalism in Italy. The study therefore focuses on those workers within the media field who, structurally, possess fewer protections, fewer resources, and lower levels of capital compared to journalists employed by major legacy media organizations. Particular attention is devoted to the editorial staff of “il manifesto” and “Radio Popolare”, two of the most prominent counter-information outlets in the Italian context, while freelance journalists—especially vulnerable from both a legal and economic standpoint—are also included in the analysis. In order to historicize, de-naturalize, and politicize the inequalities that characterize journalistic labor in Italy, the research draws on the concepts of the journalistic field (Bourdieu, 1998) and the Mediterranean or polarized pluralist model of journalism (Hallin & Mancini, 2004). Through a series of semi-structured interviews and a qualitative methodological approach, the study seeks to identify the values, practices, symbols, meanings, and organizational models that define advocacy journalism in Italy—a form of journalism characterized by horizontal structures and by the inclusion of readers and publics as integral actors in the news-making process.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/106634