This thesis explores the pedagogical paradigm of Outdoor Education (OE), examining its historical development, pedagogical foundations, and the main contemporary methodological challenges. Starting from the definition of OE as education conducted through, about, and for the environment, the study retraces its European philosophical and pedagogical roots, drawing on the thought of authors such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Friedrich Fröbel, and follows the spread of open-air schools throughout the twentieth century. Particular attention is devoted to the Italian context, from the contributions of Maria Montessori and the Agazzi sisters to current models such as forest schools, agrinidi, and national networks of outdoor schools. The analysis then focuses on the natural environment as a fundamental educational resource for the child’s holistic development, examining its multidimensional benefits: the enhancement of motor skills and the immune system, cognitive development and naturalistic intelligence through learning by doing, as well as the promotion of autonomy, empathy, and socio-relational competencies. Significant educational practices are also explored, ranging from the forest as a boundless learning environment to the school garden and vegetable garden as spaces of care and interdisciplinarity. Finally, the thesis examines the role of the outdoor educator, understood as a flexible mediator between experience, educational risk, and contemporary needs, highlighting the importance of ensuring continuity between indoor and outdoor learning environments within a perspective of educational horizontality.
Il seguente lavoro di tesi esplora il paradigma pedagogico dell’Outdoor Education (OE), analizzandone l’evoluzione storica, i fondamenti pedagogici e le principali sfide metodologiche contemporanee. Partendo dalla definizione di OE come educazione condotta attraverso, sull’ambiente e per l’ambiente, l’elaborato ricostruisce le radici filosofiche e pedagogiche europee, richiamando il pensiero di autori quali Jean-Jacques Rousseau e Friedrich Fröbel, fino alla diffusione delle scuole all’aperto nel corso del Novecento. Particolare attenzione viene poi dedicata al contesto italiano, dai contributi di Maria Montessori e delle sorelle Agazzi ai modelli attuali, come asili nel bosco, agrinidi e reti nazionali di scuole all’aperto. L'eplorazione prosegue approfondendo l’ambiente naturale in quanto risorsa educativa fondamentale per lo sviluppo globale del bambino, analizzandone i benefici multidimensionali: il potenziamento delle capacità motorie e del sistema immunitario, lo sviluppo cognitivo e dell’intelligenza naturalistica attraverso il learning by doing, nonché la promozione dell’autonomia, dell’empatia e delle competenze socio-relazionali. Vengono inoltre esaminate alcune pratiche significative, dal bosco come laboratorio di apprendimento senza confini al giardino e all’orto scolastico come spazi di cura e interdisciplinarità. In ultimo, la tesi si concentra sul ruolo dell’educatore outdoor, inteso come mediatore flessibile tra esperienza, rischio educativo e bisogni contemporanei, sottolineando l’importanza di una continuità progettuale tra spazi indoor e outdoor in un’ottica di orizzontalità educativa.
Crescere nella natura: una prospettiva teorica sull'Outdoor Education
OTTOLITRI, ASIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis explores the pedagogical paradigm of Outdoor Education (OE), examining its historical development, pedagogical foundations, and the main contemporary methodological challenges. Starting from the definition of OE as education conducted through, about, and for the environment, the study retraces its European philosophical and pedagogical roots, drawing on the thought of authors such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Friedrich Fröbel, and follows the spread of open-air schools throughout the twentieth century. Particular attention is devoted to the Italian context, from the contributions of Maria Montessori and the Agazzi sisters to current models such as forest schools, agrinidi, and national networks of outdoor schools. The analysis then focuses on the natural environment as a fundamental educational resource for the child’s holistic development, examining its multidimensional benefits: the enhancement of motor skills and the immune system, cognitive development and naturalistic intelligence through learning by doing, as well as the promotion of autonomy, empathy, and socio-relational competencies. Significant educational practices are also explored, ranging from the forest as a boundless learning environment to the school garden and vegetable garden as spaces of care and interdisciplinarity. Finally, the thesis examines the role of the outdoor educator, understood as a flexible mediator between experience, educational risk, and contemporary needs, highlighting the importance of ensuring continuity between indoor and outdoor learning environments within a perspective of educational horizontality.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/106769