This thesis analyzes the complex phenomenon of access to organized sports by foreign minors in Italy, taking as its guiding principle the idea that sport can be, in contemporary society, a tool for psychological and physical well-being, social inclusion, and empowerment, whose transformative potential, however, depends on historical, social, cultural, and above all institutional conditions. The first chapter reconstructs, through a historical overview, the value and social functions of sport, outlining the model that appears most consistent with the current pluralistic scenario: intercultural sport, understood as a space for equal relations, mutual recognition, and active participation, particularly suited to promoting the inclusion of the most vulnerable groups. Precisely because this potential cannot be realized without adequate institutional support, the second chapter traces the process of recognition of the right to sport, focusing on the regulatory level that governs formal access, that is sports membership: starting from the evidence of the difficulties encountered by young non-citizens compared to their native peers in accessing sport, the chapter reconstructs the evolution of the legislative measures introduced to broaden accessibility, particularly at the formal level, up to the current reference, Article 16, paragraph 3, of legislative decree 36/2021. This, through the certification of school attendance, should guarantee a channel of procedural equalization for non-citizen minors in the membership process. However, the translation of these legislative interventions in concrete rules and practices often reveals ambiguities and structural criticalities, which open up an important gap between the right to sport as formally stated and the right to sport actually enjoyed. To shed light on this scenario, the next chapter outlines and puts into practice an operational analysis and monitoring tool: the "IAF - Formal Accessibility Index", aimed at assessing federal regulatory positions against the inclusive dictates of the relevant legislation and identifying the problematic areas where barriers and obstacles to access persist or are legitimized. Finally, in light of the issues that have emerged, the last chapter discusses various intervention strategies, with a particular focus on euro-planning as an operational lever: various lines of action, or various models of intervention, are outlined, aimed at reducing the gap between the stated right and the right actually enjoyed, limiting barriers to entry and expanding the participation of non-citizen minors in the national sports context. In this way, the thesis closes the circle between theoretical framework, regulatory analysis, and empirical evidence, affirming and reiterating how sport can unleash its transformative potential only when the recognition of the right translates into conditions of concrete, verifiable, and supported equal access, on the one hand through careful monitoring (for example, through the IAF), and, on the other, by interventions aimed at reducing the barriers that limit its enjoyment and, therefore, its positive social effects.
Questa tesi analizza il complesso fenomeno dell’accesso allo sport organizzato da parte dei minori stranieri in Italia, assumendo come filo conduttore l’idea che lo sport possa essere, nella società contemporanea, uno strumento di benessere psico-fisico, di inclusione sociale e di empowerment privilegiato, il cui potenziale trasformativo dipende però da condizioni storiche, sociali, culturali e soprattutto istituzionali. Il primo capitolo ricostruisce, tramite un excursus storico, il valore e le funzioni sociali dello sport, fino a delineare il modello che più appare coerente con lo scenario pluralistico attuale: lo sport interculturale, inteso come spazio di relazione paritaria, reciproco riconoscimento e partecipazione attiva, particolarmente adatto a favorire l’inclusione dei gruppi più vulnerabili. Proprio perché tale potenzialità non può realizzarsi senza un adeguato supporto istituzionale, il secondo capitolo ripercorre il processo di riconoscimento del diritto allo sport, arrivando a concentrarsi sul livello normativo che regola l’accesso formale, ossia il tesseramento sportivo: muovendo dalle evidenze sulle difficoltà incontrate dai giovani non cittadini rispetto ai coetanei autoctoni nell’accesso allo sport, il capitolo ricostruisce l’evoluzione delle misure legislative introdotte per ampliarne l’accessibilità, in particolare sul piano formale, fino al riferimento attualmente vigente, l’art. 16, c. 3, del d.lgs. 36/2021. Questo, tramite l’attestazione di frequenza scolastica, dovrebbe garantire un canale di parificazione procedurale ai minori non cittadini nell’iter di tesseramento. Tuttavia, la traduzione di tali interventi legislativi in regole e prassi concrete rivela spesso ambiguità e criticità strutturali, che aprono un importante gap tra il diritto allo sport formalmente enunciato e sancito e il diritto allo sport effettivamente goduto. Per fare luce su questo divario, il capitolo successivo delinea e mette in pratica uno strumento operativo di analisi e monitoraggio: l’“IAF – Indice di Accessibilità Formale”, volto a valutare le posture regolamentari federali rispetto ai dettami inclusivi della normativa di riferimento e ad individuare gli snodi problematici in cui persistono, o vengono legittimate, barriere e ostacoli all’accesso. Infine, alla luce delle problematiche emerse, l’ultimo capitolo discute varie strategie di intervento, con particolare attenzione all’europrogettazione come leva operativa: vengono delineate varie linee di azione, o vari modelli di intervento, orientati a ridurre il gap tra il diritto enunciato ed il diritto effettivamente goduto, limitando gli ostacoli all’ingresso e ampliando la partecipazione dei minori non cittadini nel contesto sportivo nazionale. In questo modo, la tesi chiude il cerchio tra cornice teorica, analisi normativa ed evidenze empiriche, affermando e ribadendo come lo sport possa sprigionare il proprio potenziale trasformativo solo quando il riconoscimento del diritto è accompagnato da garanzie e condizioni di accesso concretamente paritarie, verificabili e supportate da un lato da un attento monitoraggio (ad esempio tramite l’IAF), e dall’altro da interventi volti a ridurre le barriere che ne limitano la fruizione e dunque il potenziale impatto sociale positivo.
Sport, cittadinanza e inclusione sociale dei minori stranieri: barriere regolamentari all'accesso, monitoraggio delle criticità tramite l' "IAF- Indice di Accessibilità Formale" e strategie di intervento attraverso l'europrogettazione.
ROMANO, MARCO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis analyzes the complex phenomenon of access to organized sports by foreign minors in Italy, taking as its guiding principle the idea that sport can be, in contemporary society, a tool for psychological and physical well-being, social inclusion, and empowerment, whose transformative potential, however, depends on historical, social, cultural, and above all institutional conditions. The first chapter reconstructs, through a historical overview, the value and social functions of sport, outlining the model that appears most consistent with the current pluralistic scenario: intercultural sport, understood as a space for equal relations, mutual recognition, and active participation, particularly suited to promoting the inclusion of the most vulnerable groups. Precisely because this potential cannot be realized without adequate institutional support, the second chapter traces the process of recognition of the right to sport, focusing on the regulatory level that governs formal access, that is sports membership: starting from the evidence of the difficulties encountered by young non-citizens compared to their native peers in accessing sport, the chapter reconstructs the evolution of the legislative measures introduced to broaden accessibility, particularly at the formal level, up to the current reference, Article 16, paragraph 3, of legislative decree 36/2021. This, through the certification of school attendance, should guarantee a channel of procedural equalization for non-citizen minors in the membership process. However, the translation of these legislative interventions in concrete rules and practices often reveals ambiguities and structural criticalities, which open up an important gap between the right to sport as formally stated and the right to sport actually enjoyed. To shed light on this scenario, the next chapter outlines and puts into practice an operational analysis and monitoring tool: the "IAF - Formal Accessibility Index", aimed at assessing federal regulatory positions against the inclusive dictates of the relevant legislation and identifying the problematic areas where barriers and obstacles to access persist or are legitimized. Finally, in light of the issues that have emerged, the last chapter discusses various intervention strategies, with a particular focus on euro-planning as an operational lever: various lines of action, or various models of intervention, are outlined, aimed at reducing the gap between the stated right and the right actually enjoyed, limiting barriers to entry and expanding the participation of non-citizen minors in the national sports context. In this way, the thesis closes the circle between theoretical framework, regulatory analysis, and empirical evidence, affirming and reiterating how sport can unleash its transformative potential only when the recognition of the right translates into conditions of concrete, verifiable, and supported equal access, on the one hand through careful monitoring (for example, through the IAF), and, on the other, by interventions aimed at reducing the barriers that limit its enjoyment and, therefore, its positive social effects.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/106903