This thesis addresses the question of the status of psychiatric diagnostic categories, asking whether they can be regarded as natural kinds or whether they should instead be understood primarily as pragmatic and conventional tools. The work develops in two stages. First, it reconstructs the general debate on natural kinds, distinguishing between classificatory naturalism, weak realism, and strong realism, and highlighting the limits of more rigid essentialist conceptions. Second, it applies this framework to psychiatric taxonomies, discussing the main anti-realist objections and the role of Boyd’s homeostatic property cluster (HPC) model. The central claim is that many criticisms of psychiatric kinds are directed chiefly against an overly strong notion of natural kind; from a more flexible perspective, the HPC model makes it possible to defend a form of weak realism. A decisive difficulty nevertheless remains open: it is still unclear whether current nosographic categories actually identify real causal clusters within psychopathology.
Questa tesi affronta il problema dello statuto delle categorie diagnostiche della psichiatria, chiedendosi se esse possano essere considerate generi naturali oppure se vadano intese soprattutto come strumenti pragmatici e convenzionali. Il lavoro si sviluppa in due momenti. Nel primo, ricostruisce il dibattito generale sui generi naturali, distinguendo tra naturalismo classificatorio, realismo debole e realismo forte, e mettendo in luce i limiti delle concezioni essenzialiste più rigide. Nel secondo, applica questo quadro alle tassonomie psichiatriche, discutendo le principali obiezioni antirealiste e il ruolo del modello homeostatic property clusters (HPC) di Boyd. La tesi sostenuta è che molte critiche ai generi psichiatrici colpiscono soprattutto una nozione troppo forte di genere naturale; in una prospettiva più flessibile, il modello HPC consente invece di difendere una forma di realismo debole. Resta però aperta una difficoltà decisiva: non è ancora chiaro che le attuali categorie nosografiche individuino effettivamente cluster causali reali della psicopatologia.
Realismo sui generi psichiatrici: generi naturali, modello HPC e tassonomie psichiatriche
BISCOSSI, FRANCESCO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis addresses the question of the status of psychiatric diagnostic categories, asking whether they can be regarded as natural kinds or whether they should instead be understood primarily as pragmatic and conventional tools. The work develops in two stages. First, it reconstructs the general debate on natural kinds, distinguishing between classificatory naturalism, weak realism, and strong realism, and highlighting the limits of more rigid essentialist conceptions. Second, it applies this framework to psychiatric taxonomies, discussing the main anti-realist objections and the role of Boyd’s homeostatic property cluster (HPC) model. The central claim is that many criticisms of psychiatric kinds are directed chiefly against an overly strong notion of natural kind; from a more flexible perspective, the HPC model makes it possible to defend a form of weak realism. A decisive difficulty nevertheless remains open: it is still unclear whether current nosographic categories actually identify real causal clusters within psychopathology.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/107240