In the contemporary manufacturing landscape the convergence of operational excellence (Lean Management) and environmental responsibility (Sustainability) has evolved from a voluntary option into a competitive necessity. Although the Lean & Green paradigm has been well developed conceptually in academic literature, introducing useful tools such as Sustainable Value Stream Mapping (Sus-VSM), there is still uncertainty related to how these models can be practically translated into corporate routines. This thesis investigates the existence and nature of the operational gap: the core distinction between high-level strategic declarations concerning sustainability reporting frameworks (e.g. the triple bottom line and CSRD directive) and the execution of operational activities (gemba). Specifically, it addresses the question of whether the traceability of environmental data required by corporate strategy is effectively embedded within the process mapping Activities employed for managing production efficiency. To address this challenge the study adopts a qualitative multiple case study strategy. Through semi-structured interviews with managers from organisations with a high level of Lean maturity breaking down the operational reality of process mapping. The analytical protocol of the research acts as a diagnostic tool designed to verify the presence of ESG KPIs within process maps, analyse whether there is alignment between operational goals and sustainability strategies, while also evaluating the role of digital technologies (Industry 4.0) in enabling this integration. This work aims to determine whether Sustainable Process Mapping constitutes a tangible operational standard adopted by a large variety of companies or remains a theoretical aspiration by comparing theory with empirical evidence. Ultimately, the thesis seeks to provide practical insights to help bridge the gap between sustainability goals set by the top management and operational reality, highlighting a pathway to truly integrated, data-driven sustainable operations management.
Nel panorama manifatturiero contemporaneo, la convergenza tra eccellenza operativa (Lean Management) e responsabilità ambientale (sostenibilità) si è evoluta da opzione volontaria a necessità competitiva. Sebbene il paradigma Lean & Green sia stato ben sviluppato concettualmente nella letteratura accademica, introducendo strumenti utili come il Sustainable Value Stream Mapping (Sus-VSM), c'è ancora incertezza su come questi modelli possano essere tradotti in pratica nelle routine aziendali. Questa tesi indaga l'esistenza e la natura del divario operativo: la distinzione fondamentale tra le dichiarazioni strategiche di alto livello relative ai quadri di riferimento per la rendicontazione di sostenibilità (ad esempio la tripla linea di fondo e la direttiva CSRD) e l'esecuzione delle attività operative (gemba). In particolare, affronta la questione se la tracciabilità dei dati ambientali richiesti dalla strategia aziendale sia effettivamente integrata nella mappatura dei processi utilizzati per gestire l'efficienza produttiva. Per affrontare questa sfida, lo studio adotta una strategia qualitativa di casi multipli. Attraverso interviste semi-strutturate con manager di organizzazioni con un alto livello di maturità Lean, si analizza la realtà operativa della mappatura dei processi. Il protocollo analitico della ricerca funge da strumento diagnostico progettato per verificare la presenza di KPI ESG all'interno delle mappe di processo, analizzare se vi è allineamento tra gli obiettivi operativi e le strategie di sostenibilità, valutando anche il ruolo delle tecnologie digitali (Industria 4.0) nel consentire questa integrazione. Questo lavoro mira a determinare se la mappatura dei processi sostenibili costituisca uno standard operativo tangibile adottato da un'ampia varietà di aziende o rimanga un'aspirazione teorica, confrontando la teoria con l'evidenza empirica. In definitiva, la tesi cerca di fornire spunti pratici per aiutare a colmare il divario tra gli obiettivi di sostenibilità fissati dal top management e la realtà operativa, evidenziando un percorso verso una gestione operativa sostenibile realmente integrata e basata sui dati.
An Exploratory Analysis of the Use of ESG KPIs in Continuous Improvement Practices in a Sample of Lean-Oriented Companies
BOTTOS, FEDERICO
2025/2026
Abstract
In the contemporary manufacturing landscape the convergence of operational excellence (Lean Management) and environmental responsibility (Sustainability) has evolved from a voluntary option into a competitive necessity. Although the Lean & Green paradigm has been well developed conceptually in academic literature, introducing useful tools such as Sustainable Value Stream Mapping (Sus-VSM), there is still uncertainty related to how these models can be practically translated into corporate routines. This thesis investigates the existence and nature of the operational gap: the core distinction between high-level strategic declarations concerning sustainability reporting frameworks (e.g. the triple bottom line and CSRD directive) and the execution of operational activities (gemba). Specifically, it addresses the question of whether the traceability of environmental data required by corporate strategy is effectively embedded within the process mapping Activities employed for managing production efficiency. To address this challenge the study adopts a qualitative multiple case study strategy. Through semi-structured interviews with managers from organisations with a high level of Lean maturity breaking down the operational reality of process mapping. The analytical protocol of the research acts as a diagnostic tool designed to verify the presence of ESG KPIs within process maps, analyse whether there is alignment between operational goals and sustainability strategies, while also evaluating the role of digital technologies (Industry 4.0) in enabling this integration. This work aims to determine whether Sustainable Process Mapping constitutes a tangible operational standard adopted by a large variety of companies or remains a theoretical aspiration by comparing theory with empirical evidence. Ultimately, the thesis seeks to provide practical insights to help bridge the gap between sustainability goals set by the top management and operational reality, highlighting a pathway to truly integrated, data-driven sustainable operations management.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/107468