The construction sector faces growing challenges in terms of efficiency, sustainability, and quality, necessitating multidisciplinary collaboration. Data fragmentation and communication difficulties among professionals, who often use specific software and proprietary formats, lead to dispersed information, errors, and delays. To overcome these barriers, Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers a holistic approach to managing project information throughout its lifecycle. Through a single, shared parametric digital model, BIM facilitates the automated generation of graphic deliverables and promotes fluid collaboration among architects, engineers, and plant designers, enabling real-time verification and more effective project management. In this context, this thesis explores and develops techniques for effective interoperability between the BIM environment, using the open Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format, and Finite Element Method (FEM) structural analysis software, with a particular focus on the proprietary NASTRAN format. The research begins by defining concepts such as open format, standard, and data model, and delves into the regulatory frameworks for BIM and FEM, introducing the concepts of interoperability and digital twin. Subsequently, the state-of-art methodologies for BIM-FEM interoperability are analyzed, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages and comparing IFC and FEM data models, ultimately identifying a preferred methodology for converting an IFC file into a NASTRAN file for structural analysis. At this stage, through an in-depth study of the data structures of both file types, a Python application was developed and validated using diverse case studies. The experimental results highlight the validity of the methodology, which allows for the conversion of a significant portion of the data. However, there are also challenges related to IFC mapping, the simplicity of the converter code (based on elementary programming knowledge), and the basic nature of the proposed case studies, which serve only as examples and require greater complexity for future developments.
Il settore delle costruzioni affronta sfide crescenti in termini di efficienza, sostenibilità e qualità, che richiedono la collaborazione di diverse discipline. La frammentazione dei dati e la difficoltà di comunicazione tra i professionisti, che utilizzano software specifici e formati proprietari, generano dispersioni di informazioni, errori e rallentamenti. Per superare queste barriere, il Building Information Modeling (BIM) si propone come un approccio olistico per la gestione delle informazioni lungo il ciclo di vita dell'opera. Attraverso un modello digitale parametrico unico e condiviso, il BIM facilita la generazione automatizzata di elaborati grafici e promuove una collaborazione fluida tra architetti, ingegneri e impiantisti, consentendo verifiche in tempo reale e una gestione più efficace dei progetti. In questo contesto, la presente tesi di laurea esplora e sviluppa tecniche per un'interoperabilità efficace tra l'ambiente BIM, tramite il formato aperto Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), e i software di analisi strutturale agli elementi finiti (FEM), con particolare attenzione al formato proprietario NASTRAN. Nella ricerca, dopo aver definito i concetti di formato aperto, standard e modello dati e aver approfondito i quadri normativi BIM e FEM, si introducono il concetto di interoperabilità. Successivamente si analizza lo stato dell'arte delle metodologie per l’interoperabilità BIM-FEM, valutandone vantaggi e criticità e confrontando i modelli dati IFC e FEM, così da arrivare ad identificare una metodologia preferenziale per convertire un file IFC in un file FEM per l'analisi strutturale. A questo punto, studiando approfonditamente le strutture dati di entrambi i tipi di file, è stato sviluppato un applicativo in Python, validato tramite casi studio diversificati. I risultati ottenuti dalla sperimentazione mettono in evidenza la validità della metodologia, che consente di convertire buona parte dei dati. Altresì vi sono delle problematiche sia relative alla mappatura IFC, sia per quanto riguarda la stesura del codice convertitore, basato su conoscenze informatiche elementari, sia infine, per la semplicità dei casi studio proposti, che fungono solo da esempio e che vanno sicuramente resi più complessi in ottica di sviluppi futuri.
Individuazione di protocolli interoperabili per il digital twin in ambito strutturale: proposta di una metodologia basata su standard openBIM IFC e NASTRAN
PIN, ALICE
2025/2026
Abstract
The construction sector faces growing challenges in terms of efficiency, sustainability, and quality, necessitating multidisciplinary collaboration. Data fragmentation and communication difficulties among professionals, who often use specific software and proprietary formats, lead to dispersed information, errors, and delays. To overcome these barriers, Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers a holistic approach to managing project information throughout its lifecycle. Through a single, shared parametric digital model, BIM facilitates the automated generation of graphic deliverables and promotes fluid collaboration among architects, engineers, and plant designers, enabling real-time verification and more effective project management. In this context, this thesis explores and develops techniques for effective interoperability between the BIM environment, using the open Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format, and Finite Element Method (FEM) structural analysis software, with a particular focus on the proprietary NASTRAN format. The research begins by defining concepts such as open format, standard, and data model, and delves into the regulatory frameworks for BIM and FEM, introducing the concepts of interoperability and digital twin. Subsequently, the state-of-art methodologies for BIM-FEM interoperability are analyzed, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages and comparing IFC and FEM data models, ultimately identifying a preferred methodology for converting an IFC file into a NASTRAN file for structural analysis. At this stage, through an in-depth study of the data structures of both file types, a Python application was developed and validated using diverse case studies. The experimental results highlight the validity of the methodology, which allows for the conversion of a significant portion of the data. However, there are also challenges related to IFC mapping, the simplicity of the converter code (based on elementary programming knowledge), and the basic nature of the proposed case studies, which serve only as examples and require greater complexity for future developments.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/107854