Age-related changes occur not only in various social, physical, and psychological domains, but also in the cognitive functioning of older adults. These age-related changes are particularly evident in some cognitive abilities, such as working memory, which is crucial for daily functioning and well-being in older adults. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence highlighted how aging-related changes are also influenced by subjective views of aging (VoA), both at general and personal level, and that these play a crucial role in influencing well-being and daily functioning in older adults. Recently, there has also been evidence of the relationship between VoA and cognitive functioning in typically aging older adults. This dissertation aimed at examining the associations between subjective VoA related to cognitive aging (i.e. views of cognitive aging [VoCA]), cognitive functioning (in terms of working memory), and psychological well-being (globally and its dimensions of personal satisfaction, coping strategies, and emotional skills) in older adults. Seventy-two typically aging older adults (aged 64 and 74 years old) completed a new questionnaire on views of cognitive aging (VoCA; in terms of generalized and personal essentialist beliefs [aging views as static and inevitable process] and nonessentialist beliefs [aging views as flexible and modifiable process]), a questionnaire on well-being (Well-Being and Aging; BEN-SSC), and completed the Listening Span Test (LST) to assess verbal working memory performance. Correlational analyses showed a positive correlation between generalized and personal non-essentialist beliefs, generalized essentialist beliefs and total psychological well-being. Regression models demonstrated the role of personal non-essentialist beliefs in predicting performance on the working memory test. Generalized essentialist beliefs predicted a significant portion of the variance in the BEN-SSC and some subscales. In conclusion, this study is part of a broader study of views on aging, particularly cognitive aging, and their impact on cognitive performance and well-being in aging. The results suggest that perceiving cognitive aging as malleable at the personal level could support cognitive performance, particularly in a crucial cognitive mechanism such as working memory, whereas generalized and personal essentialist and nonessentialist beliefs of cognitive aging, also play a significant role in psychological well-being.
Con l’avanzare dell’età si verificano significativi cambiamenti non solo in diversi ambiti sociali, fisici e psicologici, ma anche in relazione al funzionamento cognitivo dell’anziano. Questi cambiamenti legati all’età sono particolarmente evidenti in alcune abilità cognitive, come la memoria di lavoro, cruciale per il funzionamento quotidiano e benessere della persona anziana. Un numero crescente di prove inoltre ha sottolineato come i cambiamenti correlati all’invecchiamento siano influenzati anche dalle visioni soggettive dell’invecchiamento (VoA), sia a livello generale che personale, e che queste giocherebbero un ruolo cruciale nell’influenzare il benessere e il funzionamento quotidiano nella persona anziana. Recentemente, vi sono anche evidenze sulla relazione tra le VoA e il funzionamento cognitivo nell’anziano con invecchiamento tipico. La presente tesi aveva l’obiettivo di esaminare le associazioni tra le VoA legate all’invecchiamento cognitivo (i.e. views of cognitive aging [VoCA]), il funzionamento cognitivo (nei termini di memoria di lavoro) e benessere psicologico (percezione globale e dimensioni di soddisfazione personale, strategie di coping e competenze emotive) negli anziani. Settantadue adulti e anziani (età 64 e 74 anni) con invecchiamento tipico hanno completato un nuovo questionario sulle visioni sull’invecchiamento cognitivo (VoCA; in termini di credenze personali e generalizzate essenzialiste [visioni dell’invecchiamento come processo statico e inevitabile, o flessibile e modificabile] e credenze non essenzialiste [visioni dell’invecchiamento come processo flessibile e modificabile]), un questionario sul benessere (Ben-Essere e Invecchiamento; BEN-SSC) e completato il Listening Span Test (LST) per valutare le prestazioni in memoria di lavoro verbale. Le analisi di correlazione hanno mostrato una correlazione positiva tra credenze generalizzate e personali non essenzialiste, generalizzate essenzialiste e benessere psicologico totale. I modelli di regressione hanno mostrato il ruolo delle credenze personali non essenzialiste nel predire la prestazione nella prova di memoria di lavoro. Le credenze generalizzate essenzialiste hanno predetto una parte significativa della varianza del BEN-SSC e di alcune sottoscale. In conclusione, questo lavoro si inserisce nello studio più ampio delle visioni sull’invecchiamento, in particolare cognitivo, e del loro impatto sulle prestazioni cognitive e benessere nell’invecchiamento. I risultati suggeriscono che percepire l’invecchiamento cognitivo come malleabile a livello personale potrebbe supportare la prestazione cognitiva in particolare di un meccanismo cognitivo cruciale, come la memoria di lavoro, mentre credenze generalizzate e personali essenzialiste e non essenzialiste sull’invecchiamento cognitivo, giocano un ruolo rilevante anche nel benessere psicologico.
Visioni sull'invecchiamento cognitivo, funzionamento cognitivo e benessere psicologico in anziani con invecchiamento tipico
ORLANDO, ANDREA
2025/2026
Abstract
Age-related changes occur not only in various social, physical, and psychological domains, but also in the cognitive functioning of older adults. These age-related changes are particularly evident in some cognitive abilities, such as working memory, which is crucial for daily functioning and well-being in older adults. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence highlighted how aging-related changes are also influenced by subjective views of aging (VoA), both at general and personal level, and that these play a crucial role in influencing well-being and daily functioning in older adults. Recently, there has also been evidence of the relationship between VoA and cognitive functioning in typically aging older adults. This dissertation aimed at examining the associations between subjective VoA related to cognitive aging (i.e. views of cognitive aging [VoCA]), cognitive functioning (in terms of working memory), and psychological well-being (globally and its dimensions of personal satisfaction, coping strategies, and emotional skills) in older adults. Seventy-two typically aging older adults (aged 64 and 74 years old) completed a new questionnaire on views of cognitive aging (VoCA; in terms of generalized and personal essentialist beliefs [aging views as static and inevitable process] and nonessentialist beliefs [aging views as flexible and modifiable process]), a questionnaire on well-being (Well-Being and Aging; BEN-SSC), and completed the Listening Span Test (LST) to assess verbal working memory performance. Correlational analyses showed a positive correlation between generalized and personal non-essentialist beliefs, generalized essentialist beliefs and total psychological well-being. Regression models demonstrated the role of personal non-essentialist beliefs in predicting performance on the working memory test. Generalized essentialist beliefs predicted a significant portion of the variance in the BEN-SSC and some subscales. In conclusion, this study is part of a broader study of views on aging, particularly cognitive aging, and their impact on cognitive performance and well-being in aging. The results suggest that perceiving cognitive aging as malleable at the personal level could support cognitive performance, particularly in a crucial cognitive mechanism such as working memory, whereas generalized and personal essentialist and nonessentialist beliefs of cognitive aging, also play a significant role in psychological well-being.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/107955