Background and Problem Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder often associated with severe physical comorbidities, most notably metabolic syndrome. This condition—characterized by obesity, hypertension, and diabetes—is exacerbated by both the pathology itself and the side effects of antipsychotic medications. Consequently, this leads to a reduction in life expectancy of approximately 10-20 years compared to the general population. Objective This work aims to systematically analyze the effectiveness of physical activity interventions, managed or assisted by nurses, for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome within this specific clinical population. Materials and Methods A literature review was conducted by searching scientific databases such as PubMed and the Cochrane Library. The selection focused on studies published within the last 5-10 years addressing the intersection of schizophrenia, metabolic syndrome, and the nursing role. Results and Discussion Evidence indicates that lifestyle interventions (diet and physical exercise) are the primary strategy for mitigating cardiometabolic risk. Specifically, aerobic exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) improve not only metabolic parameters but also psychiatric symptoms and cognitive functions. The nurse emerges as a key figure in the holistic care of the patient. Through therapeutic education and motivational support, nurses can overcome barriers to physical activity, establishing exercise as a consistent component of the treatment plan and breaking the vicious cycle between physical inactivity and organic complications.
Contesto e problema La schizofrenia è un disturbo psichiatrico complesso che si associa spesso a gravi comorbilità fisiche, tra cui spicca la sindrome metabolica. Questa condizione, caratterizzata da obesità, ipertensione e diabete, è aggravata sia dalla patologia stessa che dagli effetti collaterali dei farmaci antipsicotici, portando a una riduzione dell'aspettativa di vita di circa 10-20 anni rispetto alla popolazione generale. Obiettivo Il lavoro si propone di analizzare sistematicamente l'efficacia degli interventi di attività fisica, gestiti o coadiuvati dall'infermiere, per la prevenzione e la gestione della sindrome metabolica in questa specifica popolazione clinica. Materiali e metodi È stata condotta una revisione della letteratura consultando banche dati scientifiche come PubMed e Cochrane Library, selezionando studi pubblicati negli ultimi 5-10 anni che affrontassero il connubio tra schizofrenia, sindrome metabolica e il ruolo infermieristico. Risultati e discussione Le evidenze mostrano che gli interventi sullo stile di vita (dieta ed esercizio fisico) sono la strategia primaria per mitigare il rischio cardiometabolico. In particolare, l'esercizio aerobico e l'allenamento ad alta intensità (HIIT) migliorano non solo i parametri metabolici, ma anche i sintomi psichiatrici e le funzioni cognitive. L'infermiere emerge come figura chiave nella presa in carico olistica del paziente. Attraverso l'educazione terapeutica e la motivazione, l'infermiere può superare le barriere all'attività fisica, trasformando il movimento in una componente stabile del percorso di cura e interrompendo il circolo vizioso tra inattività fisica e complicanze organiche.
Il ruolo dell'Infermiere nella promozione dell’attività fisica per la prevenzione e gestione della Sindrome Metabolica in Pazienti con Schizofrenia.
MASIN, RAFFAELE
2024/2025
Abstract
Background and Problem Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder often associated with severe physical comorbidities, most notably metabolic syndrome. This condition—characterized by obesity, hypertension, and diabetes—is exacerbated by both the pathology itself and the side effects of antipsychotic medications. Consequently, this leads to a reduction in life expectancy of approximately 10-20 years compared to the general population. Objective This work aims to systematically analyze the effectiveness of physical activity interventions, managed or assisted by nurses, for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome within this specific clinical population. Materials and Methods A literature review was conducted by searching scientific databases such as PubMed and the Cochrane Library. The selection focused on studies published within the last 5-10 years addressing the intersection of schizophrenia, metabolic syndrome, and the nursing role. Results and Discussion Evidence indicates that lifestyle interventions (diet and physical exercise) are the primary strategy for mitigating cardiometabolic risk. Specifically, aerobic exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) improve not only metabolic parameters but also psychiatric symptoms and cognitive functions. The nurse emerges as a key figure in the holistic care of the patient. Through therapeutic education and motivational support, nurses can overcome barriers to physical activity, establishing exercise as a consistent component of the treatment plan and breaking the vicious cycle between physical inactivity and organic complications.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108358