ABSTRACT Background: Neuromuscular blockade is a key component of general anesthesia, but incomplete recovery of neuromuscular function may lead to postoperative respiratory complications. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring is recommended to reduce the risk of residual paralysis. Among the available techniques, acceleromyography (AMG) and electromyography (EMG) are the most widely used, although their technical differences may affect measurement accuracy. Objectives: To compare AMG and EMG in the assessment of neuromuscular block onset and recovery in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery under general anesthesia. Materials and methods: A prospective single-center observational study was conducted on 14 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. In each patient, AMG and EMG were applied simultaneously on contralateral upper limbs, allowing paired measurements. Neuromuscular monitoring was performed using train-of-four (TOF) stimulation, with recordings every 12 seconds during block induction and every 20 seconds during recovery after sugammadex administration. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (interquartile range, IQR), according to their distribution; categorical variables were reported as number and percentage [n (%)]. Paired AMG–EMG comparisons were performed using the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, based on normality assessed by the Shapiro–Wilk test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: AMG showed higher baseline TOF ratio values than EMG. During induction, AMG displayed a faster decline in TOF ratio and identified complete neuromuscular block earlier than EMG. During recovery, AMG consistently provided higher TOF ratio values and anticipated the achievement of the clinical recovery threshold (TOF ratio ≥ 0.9). Normalization of AMG values reduced the differences compared with EMG, although measurement variability was not completely eliminated. Conclusions: AMG and EMG are not interchangeable techniques. In obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, EMG showed greater stability in the assessment of neuromuscular block. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring remains essential to ensure anesthetic safety and to reduce the risk of residual neuromuscular block.
Contesto: Il blocco neuromuscolare rappresenta una componente essenziale dell’anestesia generale, ma il recupero incompleto della funzione neuromuscolare può determinare complicanze respiratorie postoperatorie. Il monitoraggio quantitativo è raccomandato per ridurre il rischio di curarizzazione residua. Tra le metodiche disponibili, acceleromiografia (AMG) ed elettromiografia (EMG) sono le più utilizzate, ma presentano caratteristiche tecniche differenti che possono influenzare l’accuratezza delle misurazioni. Obiettivi: Confrontare AMG ed EMG nella valutazione dell’induzione e del recupero dal blocco neuromuscolare in pazienti obesi sottoposti a chirurgia bariatrica in anestesia generale. Materiali e metodi: È stato condotto uno studio prospettico osservazionale monocentrico su 14 pazienti obesi sottoposti a chirurgia bariatrica. In ciascun paziente, AMG ed EMG sono state applicate simultaneamente su arti superiori controlaterali, ottenendo misurazioni appaiate. Il monitoraggio neuromuscolare è stato eseguito mediante train-of-four (TOF), con acquisizioni ogni 12 secondi durante l’induzione del blocco neuromuscolare e ogni 20 secondi durante il recupero dopo somministrazione di sugammadex. Le variabili continue sono state espresse come media ± DS o mediana (IQR), secondo distribuzione; le categoriali come n (%). I confronti appaiati AMG–EMG sono stati effettuati con test t per dati appaiati o Wilcoxon, in base al test di Shapiro–Wilk. Significatività: p < 0.05 Risultati: AMG ha mostrato valori basali di TOF ratio superiori rispetto a EMG. Durante l’induzione, AMG ha evidenziato una riduzione più rapida del TOF ratio e ha identificato il blocco neuromuscolare completo più precocemente rispetto a EMG. Durante il recupero, AMG ha riportato valori sistematicamente più elevati e ha anticipato il raggiungimento della soglia clinica di recupero (TOF ratio ≥ 0.9). La normalizzazione dei valori AMG ha ridotto le differenze rispetto a EMG, senza eliminarne completamente la variabilità. Conclusioni: AMG ed EMG non sono metodiche sovrapponibili. Nei pazienti obesi sottoposti a chirurgia bariatrica, l’EMG ha mostrato misurazioni più stabili e meno soggette a sovrastima rispetto ad AMG nella valutazione del blocco neuromuscolare. Il monitoraggio quantitativo rimane essenziale per garantire la sicurezza anestesiologica e ridurre il rischio di blocco neuromuscolare residuo.
AMG vs EMG per il monitoraggio neuromuscolare in chirurgia bariatrica
CAMPIGOTTO, TOMMASO
2023/2024
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Neuromuscular blockade is a key component of general anesthesia, but incomplete recovery of neuromuscular function may lead to postoperative respiratory complications. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring is recommended to reduce the risk of residual paralysis. Among the available techniques, acceleromyography (AMG) and electromyography (EMG) are the most widely used, although their technical differences may affect measurement accuracy. Objectives: To compare AMG and EMG in the assessment of neuromuscular block onset and recovery in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery under general anesthesia. Materials and methods: A prospective single-center observational study was conducted on 14 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. In each patient, AMG and EMG were applied simultaneously on contralateral upper limbs, allowing paired measurements. Neuromuscular monitoring was performed using train-of-four (TOF) stimulation, with recordings every 12 seconds during block induction and every 20 seconds during recovery after sugammadex administration. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (interquartile range, IQR), according to their distribution; categorical variables were reported as number and percentage [n (%)]. Paired AMG–EMG comparisons were performed using the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, based on normality assessed by the Shapiro–Wilk test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: AMG showed higher baseline TOF ratio values than EMG. During induction, AMG displayed a faster decline in TOF ratio and identified complete neuromuscular block earlier than EMG. During recovery, AMG consistently provided higher TOF ratio values and anticipated the achievement of the clinical recovery threshold (TOF ratio ≥ 0.9). Normalization of AMG values reduced the differences compared with EMG, although measurement variability was not completely eliminated. Conclusions: AMG and EMG are not interchangeable techniques. In obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, EMG showed greater stability in the assessment of neuromuscular block. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring remains essential to ensure anesthetic safety and to reduce the risk of residual neuromuscular block.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108409