ABSTRACT Background: Psychiatric care in Italy today must take into account a complex reality linked to the growing presence of first-generation migrants. This population is particularly vulnerable: between 30% and 40% present mental disorders such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and Ulysses Syndrome, a condition of multiple chronic stress related to the traumas of the migratory process. These individuals carry with them biographies and ways of understanding suffering that may be very distant from Western medical models, and their poor adherence to treatment may also partly result from linguistic and cultural barriers that hinder the development of genuine trust. The theory of transcultural nursing invites the nurse to recognize, respect, and negotiate the cultural values of the patient and thus to approach this population with innovative attitudes and modalities. Objective: The aim of this work is to identify the best strategies to strengthen the therapeutic alliance between the nurse and the first-generation migrant person affected by mental disorders, in order to promote therapeutic adherence and clinical engagement. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted on the PubMed and CINAHL databases. The final selection led to the analysis of 8 articles (from 2015 to 2025), ranging from qualitative studies to systematic reviews and controlled clinical trials. Results: From the analysis, four important pillars for high-quality transcultural care emerged: the irreplaceable role of professional linguistic mediation, which ensures clinical safety; the ability to negotiate beliefs about illness; and two educational-relational models such as Shared Decision-Making, that is, the sharing of therapeutic decisions with the assisted person, and Value-Based Counselling, an approach that helps individuals to identify, clarify, and live in alignment with their fundamental values. These approaches, if integrated, allow overcoming the ethnocentrism of care and restore to the patient the role of active protagonist in their own therapeutic pathway. Conclusions: In conclusion, it can be stated that the therapeutic alliance with the migrant person is a measurable clinical variable and determinant for the outcome of the therapeutic pathway. For this reason, a paradigm shift is necessary, requiring the abandonment of ethnocentrism in order to open up to the different meanings and cultural manifestations of health in patients with a migration background. This thesis highlights the possibility of experimenting with the application of innovative tools and approaches, in order to evaluate their effects also in the Italian context, where research is still limited.
ABSTRACT Background: L'assistenza psichiatrica in Italia oggi deve tener conto di una realtà complessa legata alla crescente presenza di migranti di prima generazione. Questa popolazione è particolarmente vulnerabile: tra il 30% e il 40% manifesta disturbi mentali come depressione, disturbo post-traumatico da stress, disturbi d'ansia e la Sindrome di Ulisse, una condizione di stress cronico multiplo legata ai traumi del processo migratorio. Queste persone portano con sé biografie e modi di intendere la sofferenza che possono essere anche molto distanti dai modelli della medicina occidentale, e la loro scarsa aderenza alle cure può essere in parte anche il risultato di barriere linguistiche e culturali che impediscono la nascita di una vera fiducia. La teoria del nursing transculturale invita l'infermiere a riconoscere, rispettare e negoziare i valori culturali dell’assistito e approcciarci così a questa popolazione con atteggiamenti e modalità innovative. Obiettivo: L’obiettivo di questo elaborato è quello di individuare le migliori strategie per potenziare l’alleanza terapeutica tra l’infermiere e la persona migrante di prima generazione affetta da disturbi mentali, al fine di promuovere l’aderenza terapeutica e l’engagement clinico. Materiali e metodi: È stata condotta una revisione bibliografica sulle banche dati PubMed e CINAHL. La selezione finale ha portato all'analisi di 8 articoli (dal 2015 al 2025), spaziando tra studi qualitativi, revisioni sistematiche e trial clinici controllati. Risultati: Dall'analisi sono emersi quattro pilastri importanti per un’assistenza transculturale di qualità: il ruolo insostituibile della mediazione linguistica professionale la quale garantisce la sicurezza clinica; la capacità di negoziare le credenze sulla malattia e due modelli educativo-relazionali come lo Shared Decision-Making, ovvero la condivisione delle decisioni terapeutiche con la persona assistita e il Value-Based Counselling, un approccio che aiuta le persone a identificare, chiarire e vivere in allineamento con i propri valori fondamentali. Questi approcci, se integrati, permettono di superare l'etnocentrismo della cura e restituiscono all’assistito il ruolo di protagonista attivo del proprio percorso terapeutico. Conclusioni: In conclusione si può affermare che l’alleanza terapeutica con la persona migrante è una variabile clinica misurabile e determinante per l’esito del percorso terapeutico. Per questo è necessario un cambio di paradigma che richiede di abbandonare l’etnocentrismo per aprirci ai diversi significati e manifestazioni culturali della salute degli assistiti che hanno un vissuto di migrazione. Questa tesi mette in luce la possibilità di sperimentare l’applicazione di strumenti e approcci innovativi, per valutarne gli effetti anche nella realtà italiana dove le ricerche sono carenti.
Oltre le barriere: il ruolo dell'infermiere nella promozione dell'alleanza terapeutica con la persona migrante di prima generazione con disturbi mentali
NONNI, ACHARA
2024/2025
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Psychiatric care in Italy today must take into account a complex reality linked to the growing presence of first-generation migrants. This population is particularly vulnerable: between 30% and 40% present mental disorders such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and Ulysses Syndrome, a condition of multiple chronic stress related to the traumas of the migratory process. These individuals carry with them biographies and ways of understanding suffering that may be very distant from Western medical models, and their poor adherence to treatment may also partly result from linguistic and cultural barriers that hinder the development of genuine trust. The theory of transcultural nursing invites the nurse to recognize, respect, and negotiate the cultural values of the patient and thus to approach this population with innovative attitudes and modalities. Objective: The aim of this work is to identify the best strategies to strengthen the therapeutic alliance between the nurse and the first-generation migrant person affected by mental disorders, in order to promote therapeutic adherence and clinical engagement. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted on the PubMed and CINAHL databases. The final selection led to the analysis of 8 articles (from 2015 to 2025), ranging from qualitative studies to systematic reviews and controlled clinical trials. Results: From the analysis, four important pillars for high-quality transcultural care emerged: the irreplaceable role of professional linguistic mediation, which ensures clinical safety; the ability to negotiate beliefs about illness; and two educational-relational models such as Shared Decision-Making, that is, the sharing of therapeutic decisions with the assisted person, and Value-Based Counselling, an approach that helps individuals to identify, clarify, and live in alignment with their fundamental values. These approaches, if integrated, allow overcoming the ethnocentrism of care and restore to the patient the role of active protagonist in their own therapeutic pathway. Conclusions: In conclusion, it can be stated that the therapeutic alliance with the migrant person is a measurable clinical variable and determinant for the outcome of the therapeutic pathway. For this reason, a paradigm shift is necessary, requiring the abandonment of ethnocentrism in order to open up to the different meanings and cultural manifestations of health in patients with a migration background. This thesis highlights the possibility of experimenting with the application of innovative tools and approaches, in order to evaluate their effects also in the Italian context, where research is still limited.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108434