ABSTRACT Introduction: Palliative care represents a highly complex clinical, relational, and ethical field of care, aimed at improving the quality of life of people with incurable or advanced diseases. Nurses play a central role in patient management at the end of life, ensuring symptom control, effective communication, and protection of the patient's dignity. However, university training in palliative care is not always integrated into educational curricula in a structured manner, with potential impacts on professional safety and the quality of care. Purpose: To analyze the impact of nursing training in palliative care on patient management at the end of life and identify the main training issues. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. The search was conducted using a combination of controlled terms and free keywords with Boolean operators AND and OR. Studies published in the last ten years, in English or Italian, on nurses and nursing students were included. The selection process was described according to the PRISMA recommendations. Fifteen articles were included, including experimental, observational, and literature reviews. Results: The analysis highlighted three main areas: knowledge and training needs; attitudes and emotional dimensions at the end of life; and effectiveness of training interventions. Structured training was associated with improved clinical and communication skills and perceived self-efficacy. Lack of training, on the other hand, was associated with insecurity, difficulty managing global suffering, and greater vulnerability to moral distress. Conclusions: Nursing training in palliative care is a crucial element in ensuring quality care and consistency between professional responsibility and clinical practice. The systematic integration of palliative care into university curricula and continuing education appears essential to support nurses in the complexity of the end-of-life and promote comprehensive care. Keywords: palliative care, end-of-life care, nursing education, training, nurses, nursing students, professional competence, moral distress, communication, attitudes, quality of care.
ABSTRACT Introduzione: Le cure palliative rappresentano un ambito assistenziale ad elevata complessità clinica, relazionale ed etica, finalizzato al miglioramento della qualità della vita delle persone affette da patologie inguaribili o in fase avanzata di malattia. L’infermiere svolge un ruolo centrale nella gestione del paziente al fine vita, garantendo controllo dei sintomi, comunicazione efficace e tutela della dignità della persona. Tuttavia, la formazione universitaria in cure palliative non risulta sempre integrata in modo strutturato nei percorsi formativi, con possibili ricadute sulla sicurezza professionale e sulla qualità dell’assistenza. Scopo: Analizzare, l’impatto della formazione infermieristica in cure palliative sulla gestione del paziente al fine vita e individuare le principali criticità formative. Materiale e metodi: È stata condotta una revisione della letteratura consultando le banche dati PubMed, Scopus e CINAHL. La ricerca è stata effettuata mediante combinazione di termini controllati e parole chiave libere con operatori booleani AND e OR. Sono stati inclusi studi pubblicati negli ultimi dieci anni, in lingua inglese o italiana, riguardanti infermieri e studenti infermieri. Il processo di selezione è stato descritto secondo le raccomandazioni PRISMA. Sono stati inclusi 15 articoli tra studi sperimentali, osservazionali e revisioni della letteratura. Risultati: Dall’analisi emergono tre principali ambiti: livello di conoscenze e bisogni formativi; atteggiamenti e dimensione emotiva nel fine vita; efficacia degli interventi formativi. La formazione strutturata risulta associata a un miglioramento delle competenze cliniche e comunicative e della percezione di autoefficacia. La carenza formativa è invece correlata a insicurezza, difficoltà nella gestione della sofferenza globale e maggiore vulnerabilità al disagio morale. Conclusioni: La formazione infermieristica in cure palliative costituisce un elemento determinante per garantire qualità assistenziale e coerenza tra responsabilità professionale e pratica clinica. L’integrazione sistematica delle cure palliative nei percorsi universitari e nella formazione continua appare fondamentale per sostenere l’infermiere nella complessità del fine vita e promuovere una presa in carico globale. Key words: palliative care, end-of-life care, nursing education, training, nurses, nursing students, professional competence, moral distress, communication, attitudes, quality of care.
LA FORMAZIONE INFERMIERISTICA NELLE CURE PALLIATIVE: UNA REVISIONE DELLA LETTERATURA SULL’IMPATTO NELLA GESTIONE DEL PAZIENTE AL FINE VITA
MENEGHIN, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Palliative care represents a highly complex clinical, relational, and ethical field of care, aimed at improving the quality of life of people with incurable or advanced diseases. Nurses play a central role in patient management at the end of life, ensuring symptom control, effective communication, and protection of the patient's dignity. However, university training in palliative care is not always integrated into educational curricula in a structured manner, with potential impacts on professional safety and the quality of care. Purpose: To analyze the impact of nursing training in palliative care on patient management at the end of life and identify the main training issues. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. The search was conducted using a combination of controlled terms and free keywords with Boolean operators AND and OR. Studies published in the last ten years, in English or Italian, on nurses and nursing students were included. The selection process was described according to the PRISMA recommendations. Fifteen articles were included, including experimental, observational, and literature reviews. Results: The analysis highlighted three main areas: knowledge and training needs; attitudes and emotional dimensions at the end of life; and effectiveness of training interventions. Structured training was associated with improved clinical and communication skills and perceived self-efficacy. Lack of training, on the other hand, was associated with insecurity, difficulty managing global suffering, and greater vulnerability to moral distress. Conclusions: Nursing training in palliative care is a crucial element in ensuring quality care and consistency between professional responsibility and clinical practice. The systematic integration of palliative care into university curricula and continuing education appears essential to support nurses in the complexity of the end-of-life and promote comprehensive care. Keywords: palliative care, end-of-life care, nursing education, training, nurses, nursing students, professional competence, moral distress, communication, attitudes, quality of care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108444