Background Mountain environments represent a challenging setting for healthcare delivery, characterized by extreme weather conditions, logistical difficulties, and limited resource availability. In this context, prehospital emergency care requires advanced clinical skills and strong adaptability. The role of nurses within the rescue chain in mountain settings is crucial, yet still insufficiently explored in the scientific literature. Objective To analyze, through a literature review, the role and competencies of nurses in prehospital emergency care in mountain environments, with particular focus on operational challenges and implications for clinical practice. Methods A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database and international guidelines. The search strategy included combinations of keywords related to mountain environments, prehospital care, and the nursing role, using Boolean operators. Studies published between 2012 and 2026, in English or Italian, and relevant to the prehospital setting were included. A total of 11 studies were selected and analyzed through qualitative thematic synthesis. Results The findings highlight that mountain rescue is a highly specialized field in which the effectiveness of interventions depends on both organizational coordination and timely clinical management. The main clinical challenges identified include hypothermia, trauma, and avalanche-related incidents, where early recognition and prompt intervention are essential to improve patient outcomes. Nurses play a key role in patient assessment, stabilization, and continuity of care. However, several critical issues emerge, such as prolonged response times, environmental constraints, and the need for specific training. Conclusions Mountain rescue requires a multidisciplinary and highly specialized approach, in which nurses represent a central figure in managing critically ill patients. The results emphasize the need for dedicated training programs and shared protocols to improve the quality of care and clinical outcomes. The limited availability of studies specifically focused on the nursing role suggests the need for further research in this field.
Introduzione L’ambiente montano rappresenta un contesto complesso per l’assistenza sanitaria, caratterizzato da condizioni climatiche estreme, difficoltà logistiche e limitata disponibilità di risorse. In tale scenario, la gestione dell’emergenza preospedaliera richiede competenze cliniche avanzate e capacità di adattamento. Il ruolo dell’infermiere nella catena di soccorso in ambiente montano risulta centrale, ma ancora poco sistematizzato nella letteratura scientifica. Obiettivo Analizzare, attraverso una revisione della letteratura, il ruolo e le competenze dell’infermiere nella gestione del soccorso preospedaliero in ambiente montano, con particolare attenzione alle criticità operative e alle implicazioni per la pratica clinica. Materiali e metodi È stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura mediante consultazione della banca dati PubMed e di linee guida internazionali. La ricerca è stata effettuata utilizzando parole chiave combinate tramite operatori booleani, relative al soccorso in ambiente montano, all’assistenza preospedaliera e al ruolo infermieristico. Sono stati inclusi studi pubblicati tra il 2012 e il 2026, in lingua inglese o italiana, pertinenti al contesto preospedaliero. Il processo di selezione ha portato all’inclusione di 11 studi, analizzati mediante sintesi qualitativa tematica. Risultati Dall’analisi della letteratura emerge che il soccorso in ambiente montano è un ambito altamente specializzato, in cui l’efficacia dell’intervento dipende da un’organizzazione integrata tra diversi attori e da una gestione clinica tempestiva. Le principali problematiche riguardano la gestione dell’ipotermia, del trauma e degli incidenti da valanga, condizioni in cui il riconoscimento precoce e l’intervento rapido risultano determinanti per l’outcome. L’infermiere svolge un ruolo chiave nella valutazione clinica, nella stabilizzazione del paziente e nella continuità assistenziale. Tuttavia, emergono criticità legate a tempi di intervento prolungati, difficoltà logistiche e necessità di competenze specifiche. Conclusioni Il soccorso in ambiente montano richiede un approccio multidisciplinare e altamente specializzato, in cui l’infermiere rappresenta una figura centrale nella gestione del paziente critico. I risultati evidenziano la necessità di sviluppare percorsi formativi specifici e protocolli condivisi per migliorare la qualità dell’assistenza e gli esiti clinici. La limitata disponibilità di studi focalizzati sul ruolo infermieristico suggerisce l’opportunità di ulteriori ricerche in questo ambito.
Il ruolo dell’infermiere nella catena di soccorso in ambiente montano: revisione narrativa della letteratura
SOCCAL, TOMMASO
2024/2025
Abstract
Background Mountain environments represent a challenging setting for healthcare delivery, characterized by extreme weather conditions, logistical difficulties, and limited resource availability. In this context, prehospital emergency care requires advanced clinical skills and strong adaptability. The role of nurses within the rescue chain in mountain settings is crucial, yet still insufficiently explored in the scientific literature. Objective To analyze, through a literature review, the role and competencies of nurses in prehospital emergency care in mountain environments, with particular focus on operational challenges and implications for clinical practice. Methods A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database and international guidelines. The search strategy included combinations of keywords related to mountain environments, prehospital care, and the nursing role, using Boolean operators. Studies published between 2012 and 2026, in English or Italian, and relevant to the prehospital setting were included. A total of 11 studies were selected and analyzed through qualitative thematic synthesis. Results The findings highlight that mountain rescue is a highly specialized field in which the effectiveness of interventions depends on both organizational coordination and timely clinical management. The main clinical challenges identified include hypothermia, trauma, and avalanche-related incidents, where early recognition and prompt intervention are essential to improve patient outcomes. Nurses play a key role in patient assessment, stabilization, and continuity of care. However, several critical issues emerge, such as prolonged response times, environmental constraints, and the need for specific training. Conclusions Mountain rescue requires a multidisciplinary and highly specialized approach, in which nurses represent a central figure in managing critically ill patients. The results emphasize the need for dedicated training programs and shared protocols to improve the quality of care and clinical outcomes. The limited availability of studies specifically focused on the nursing role suggests the need for further research in this field.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108449