This paper proposes the study of some Roman architectural contexts in the ancient city of Nora, in Sardinia, through a multi-analytical characterization of their building materials, specifically binding mixtures of some preserved structural portions (opus caementicium elements, such as cores of masonry structures and vaults, structural and bedding mortars, preparatory floor and wall mortars, and hydraulic structures coatings). 50 mortar samples were analyzed using polarized optical microscopy on 30 µm thin sections. The characterization allowed us to describe the materials constituting the mortars, but above all to identify the use of obsidian as a volcanic pozzolanic aggregate. Further investigations using Scanning Electron Microscopy, coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), were carried out to observe the chemistry of the obsidian present in some samples, obtain a geochemical profile based on the average of the extrapolated values, and study its reaction processes with the binder. Finally, these analyses were supplemented by LA-ICP-MS (Laser-Ablation Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Mass-Spectrometry) to determine the origin of the volcanic glass, using as a reference a database of geochemical profiles of volcanic glass products published in scientific literature. The archaeometric study of these materials has provided further information on the construction techniques of Roman buildings in Nora, and above all on the use of obsidian as an alternative pozzolanic aggregate, its selective use in construction, and its provenance.
Questo elaborato propone lo studio di alcuni contesti architettonici romani della città antica di Nora, in Sardegna, tramite una caratterizzazione multi-analitica dei loro materiali da costruzione, nello specifico miscele leganti di alcune porzioni strutturali conservate (elementi in opus caementicium, quali nuclei di strutture murarie e volte, malte strutturali e di allettamento, malte preparatorie pavimentali e parietali, e malte di rivestimento di alcune strutture idrauliche). 50 campioni di malta sono stati analizzati tramite microscopia ottica polarizzata su sezioni sottili dello spessore di 30 µm. La caratterizzazione ha permesso di descrivere i materiali costituenti le malte, ma soprattutto di individuare l’impiego dell’ossidiana come aggregato pozzolanico vulcanico. Ulteriori indagini tramite microscopia elettronica a scansione, integrata di rilevatore di raggi X a energia dispersiva (SEM-EDS), sono state effettuate per osservare il chimismo dell’ossidiana presente in determinati campioni, ottenere un profilo geochimico sulla media dei valori estrapolati, e studiare i suoi processi di reazione con il legante. A queste analisi, infine, ne sono state integrate ulteriori mediante LA-ICP-MS (Laser-Ablation Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Mass-Spectrometry) per definire la provenienza del vetro vulcanico, usufruendo come riferimento di un database dei profili geochimici di prodotti vulcanici vetrosi editi nella letteratura scientifica. Lo studio archeometrico di questi materiali ha permesso di ottenere maggiori informazioni sulle tecniche costruttive degli edifici norensi di età romana, e soprattutto sull’impiego dell’ossidiana come aggregato pozzolanico alternativo, il suo uso selettivo nelle costruzioni e la sua provenienza.
L’uso dell’ossidiana nelle malte romane di Nora: analisi e provenienze
CANEVA, ZENO
2025/2026
Abstract
This paper proposes the study of some Roman architectural contexts in the ancient city of Nora, in Sardinia, through a multi-analytical characterization of their building materials, specifically binding mixtures of some preserved structural portions (opus caementicium elements, such as cores of masonry structures and vaults, structural and bedding mortars, preparatory floor and wall mortars, and hydraulic structures coatings). 50 mortar samples were analyzed using polarized optical microscopy on 30 µm thin sections. The characterization allowed us to describe the materials constituting the mortars, but above all to identify the use of obsidian as a volcanic pozzolanic aggregate. Further investigations using Scanning Electron Microscopy, coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), were carried out to observe the chemistry of the obsidian present in some samples, obtain a geochemical profile based on the average of the extrapolated values, and study its reaction processes with the binder. Finally, these analyses were supplemented by LA-ICP-MS (Laser-Ablation Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Mass-Spectrometry) to determine the origin of the volcanic glass, using as a reference a database of geochemical profiles of volcanic glass products published in scientific literature. The archaeometric study of these materials has provided further information on the construction techniques of Roman buildings in Nora, and above all on the use of obsidian as an alternative pozzolanic aggregate, its selective use in construction, and its provenance.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108690