This thesis analyzes the processes of social construction surrounding the figure of the "boat-driver", investigating how Italian journalistic narrative contributes to defining the symbolic boundaries between criminality and victimization. The study is based on a comparative and critical analysis of a corpus of 85 articles drawn from La Repubblica, l’Avvenire, and Il Giornale between 2023 and 2025. Taking the Cutro shipwreck as a critical event and a discursive watershed, the research explores how the boat-driver is represented through the stigmatizing label of "scafista," hypothesizing that this terminology serves as the core of a strategy of constant criminalization. A central focus of the investigation is the systematic terminological confusion between the figure of the boat-driver (the individual physically piloting the vessel) and that of the "smuggler" (the organizational mind behind the journey). The research highlights how media and institutional discourses, particularly following the Cutro shipwreck , tend to collapse these distinct roles into a single criminal category. By framing the boat-driver as a professional smuggler, the narrative obscures the structural complexity of migration networks. Through an examination of the media representations of the Cutro shipwreck and the legal cases of Maysoon Majidi and Alaa Faraj, the study reveals a profound ideological polarization. The data show that, when evidence of the subjects' innocence emerges, La Repubblica and l’Avvenire perform a recontextualization of the accused: from being a scapegoat for deaths at sea, the boat-driver is reframed as a victim of the system. Conversely, the analysis reveals a strategy of media oblivion by Il Giornale: by avoiding the deconstruction of the criminal frame, the newspaper chooses not to cover emblematic cases of acquittal, interrupting the narrative as soon as the figure of the felon is no longer sustainable. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the figure of the boat-driver, when labeled as a scafista, operates as a fluid construct, utilized by the media as a political device to either legitimize or challenge the securitarian framework of contemporary migration policies.
La presente tesi analizza i processi di costruzione sociale della figura dello "scafista", indagando come la narrazione giornalistica italiana contribuisca a definire i confini simbolici tra criminalità e vittimizzazione. Lo studio si fonda su un’analisi comparativa e critica di un corpus di 85 articoli tratti dalle testate La Repubblica, l'Avvenire e Il Giornale nel periodo 2023-2025. Ponendo il naufragio di Cutro come evento critico e spartiacque discorsivo, la ricerca esplora come il boat-driver venga rappresentato attraverso l’etichetta stigmatizzante di "scafista", ipotizzando che tale scelta terminologica sia il fulcro di una strategia di criminalizzazione costante. Un punto centrale dell’indagine riguarda la sistematica confusione terminologica tra la figura del boat-driver e quella dello smuggler (scafista). La ricerca evidenzia come i discorsi mediatici e istituzionali, in particolare a seguito del naufragio di Cutro, tendano a uniformare ruoli gerarchicamente distinti in un’unica categoria criminale, omettendo la complessità strutturale che caratterizza i percorsi migratori. Attraverso l'esame delle rappresentazioni mediatiche del naufragio di Cutro e delle vicende giudiziarie di Maysoon Majidi e Alaa Faraj, lo studio mette in luce una profonda polarizzazione ideologica. Dai dati emerge che, a fronte dell’evidenza dell’innocenza dei soggetti coinvolti, La Repubblica e l’Avvenire operano una ricontestualizzazione dell'accusato che, da capro espiatorio per le morti in mare, viene risignificato come vittima del sistema. Al contrario, l’analisi rivela una strategia di oblio mediatico da parte de Il Giornale: la testata, evitando la decostruzione del frame criminale, sceglie di non trattare i casi emblematici di proscioglimento, interrompendo la narrazione nel momento in cui la figura del colpevole non risulta più sostenibile. In conclusione, il lavoro dimostra come la figura del boat-driver, quando etichettata come "scafista", operi come un costrutto fluido, utilizzato dai media quale dispositivo politico per legittimare o, diversamente, contestare l'impianto securitario delle politiche migratorie contemporanee.
La costruzione sociale dello scafista in Italia: un’analisi delle rappresentazioni mediatiche
AMBROGIO, CLAUDIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis analyzes the processes of social construction surrounding the figure of the "boat-driver", investigating how Italian journalistic narrative contributes to defining the symbolic boundaries between criminality and victimization. The study is based on a comparative and critical analysis of a corpus of 85 articles drawn from La Repubblica, l’Avvenire, and Il Giornale between 2023 and 2025. Taking the Cutro shipwreck as a critical event and a discursive watershed, the research explores how the boat-driver is represented through the stigmatizing label of "scafista," hypothesizing that this terminology serves as the core of a strategy of constant criminalization. A central focus of the investigation is the systematic terminological confusion between the figure of the boat-driver (the individual physically piloting the vessel) and that of the "smuggler" (the organizational mind behind the journey). The research highlights how media and institutional discourses, particularly following the Cutro shipwreck , tend to collapse these distinct roles into a single criminal category. By framing the boat-driver as a professional smuggler, the narrative obscures the structural complexity of migration networks. Through an examination of the media representations of the Cutro shipwreck and the legal cases of Maysoon Majidi and Alaa Faraj, the study reveals a profound ideological polarization. The data show that, when evidence of the subjects' innocence emerges, La Repubblica and l’Avvenire perform a recontextualization of the accused: from being a scapegoat for deaths at sea, the boat-driver is reframed as a victim of the system. Conversely, the analysis reveals a strategy of media oblivion by Il Giornale: by avoiding the deconstruction of the criminal frame, the newspaper chooses not to cover emblematic cases of acquittal, interrupting the narrative as soon as the figure of the felon is no longer sustainable. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the figure of the boat-driver, when labeled as a scafista, operates as a fluid construct, utilized by the media as a political device to either legitimize or challenge the securitarian framework of contemporary migration policies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108706