BACKGROUND Impairments in oral communication abilities represent frequent and disabling manifestations of extrapyramidal syndromes, carrying a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. In Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP), the involvement of the respiratory-phonatory-articulatory system manifests within the framework of hypokinetic dysarthria (HKD). Although this condition is widely described in the literature regarding its clinical and perceptual correlates, its quantitative and objective characterization remains partially incomplete and limited to static acoustic assessments, while the analysis of articulatory diadochokinesis (DDK) remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to conduct a multidimensional and integrated analysis of HKD alterations in parkinsonian syndromes, assessing the clinical sensitivity of advanced DDK parameters (Mean Syllable Length, MSL and Energy Slope) and their relationships with traditional DDK indices, as well as perceptual, clinical, and self-assessment measures. Additional objectives included identifying markers capable of differentiating between PD and AP and evaluating the short-term efficacy of the LSVT LOUD speech therapy treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study adopted a cross-sectional design with a longitudinal component for the analysis of pre-post treatment outcomes in the subgroup of patients who underwent speech therapy. The integrated assessment included the MDS-UPDRS Item 3.1, VHI-10, perceptual analysis (Extended GRBAS and INFVo), and videolaryngostroboscopy. Acoustic parameters of sustained phonation (/a/) and diadochokinetic (DDK) measures, calculated from the "buttercup" task, were extracted using LingWAVES software (Vospector and MSDA modules), including mean F0, F0 SD, jitter, shimmer, GNE, DDK rate, DDK stddev, DDK jitter, front/middle/back MSL and Energy Slope. The test battery was repeated after speech therapy using the LSVT LOUD method in the subgroup of patients who completed the treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) and Spearman correlations (p < 0.05). RESULTS Patients with parkinsonism showed significant differences in temporal DDK parameters, with an increase in front MSL in AP compared to PD. Furthermore, a segmental modulation of MSL along the anteroposterior axis was observed, which was associated with clinical severity and age. Correlation analyses highlighted associations between oral DDK parameters, Energy Slope, and spectroacoustic and perceptual indices, particularly with measures of fluency and voice quality. The LSVT LOUD treatment led to a significant improvement in Loudness and Breathiness, without significant changes in articulatory parameters in the short term. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that advanced DDK parameters, specifically segmented MSL and Energy Slope, may serve as useful quantitative tools in the characterization of HKD. These measures provide complementary information compared to traditional assessments, showing potential utility in differentiating between PD and AP as well as in clinical-rehabilitative monitoring. Future studies on larger cohorts and with differentiated articulatory tasks (words vs. non-words) will be necessary to validate their clinical application.
BACKGROUND Le alterazioni della capacità comunicativa orale rappresentano manifestazioni frequenti e invalidanti delle sindromi extrapiramidali, con un impatto significativo sulla qualità di vita del paziente. Nella malattia di Parkinson (PD) e nei parkinsonismi atipici (AP), il coinvolgimento del sistema pneumo-fono-articolatorio si manifesta nel quadro di disartria ipocinetica (HKD). Sebbene tale condizione sia ampiamente descritta in letteratura nei suoi correlati clinici e percettivi, la caratterizzazione quantitativa e oggettiva rimane parzialmente incompleta e circoscritta a valutazioni acustiche di tipo statico, mentre l’analisi della diadococinesi (DDK) articolatoria risulta ancora scarsamente esplorata. SCOPO DELLO STUDIO Il presente lavoro ha avuto come obiettivo principale l’analisi multidimensionale e integrata delle alterazioni della HKD nei parkinsonismi, valutando la sensibilità clinica dei parametri DDK avanzati (Mean Syllable Length, MSL e Energy Slope) e le loro relazioni con gli indici DDK tradizionali, le misure percettive, cliniche e autovalutative. Ulteriori obiettivi includevano l’identificazione di marker in grado di differenziare PD e AP e la valutazione dell'efficacia a breve termine del trattamento logopedico LSVT LOUD. MATERIALI E METODI Lo studio ha adottato un disegno cross-sectional con una componente longitudinale prospettica per quanto riguarda l’analisi degli outcome pre-post trattamento nel sottogruppo di pazienti che ha effettuato la terapia logopedica. La valutazione integrata ha incluso MDS-UPDRS Item 3.1, VHI-10, analisi percettiva (Extended GRBAS e INFVo) e videolaringostroboscopia. I parametri acustici della fonazione sostenuta (/a/) e le misure diadococinetiche (DDK), calcolate sulla task “buttercup”, sono stati estratti tramite software LingWAVES (moduli Vospector e MSDA), includendo mean F0, F0 SD, jitter, shimmer, GNE, DDK rate, DDK stddev, DDKjitter, MSL front/middle/back ed Energy Slope. La batteria dei test è stata ripetuta dopo trattamento logopedico con metodo LSVT LOUD, nel sottogruppo di pazienti che lo hanno effettuato. Le analisi statistiche hanno utilizzato test non parametrici (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) e correlazioni di Spearman (p < 0.05). RISULTATI I pazienti con parkinsonismo hanno mostrato differenze significative nei parametri DDK temporali, con incremento della MSL front nei AP rispetto alla PD. È stata inoltre osservata una modulazione segmentale della MSL lungo l’asse antero-posteriore, associata alla gravità clinica e all’età. Le analisi di correlazione hanno evidenziato associazioni tra parametri DDK orali, Energy Slope e indici spettroacustici e percettivi, in particolare con misure di fluenza e qualità vocale. Il trattamento LSVT LOUD ha determinato un miglioramento significativo di Loudness e Breathiness, senza variazioni significative dei parametri articolatori nel breve termine. CONCLUSIONI I risultati suggeriscono che i parametri DDK avanzati, in particolare la MSL segmentata e l’Energy Slope, possano rappresentare strumenti quantitativi utili nella caratterizzazione della HKD. Tali misure forniscono informazioni complementari rispetto alle valutazioni tradizionali, mostrando potenziale utilità nella differenziazione tra PD e AP e nel monitoraggio clinico-riabilitativo. Studi futuri su coorti più ampie e con task articolatori differenziati (parole vs non-parole) saranno necessari per validarne l’applicazione clinica.
Caratteristiche spettroacustiche e diadococinetiche della voce nel paziente con malattia di Parkinson: uno studio cross-sectional
FLORIAN, ALESSIA
2025/2026
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairments in oral communication abilities represent frequent and disabling manifestations of extrapyramidal syndromes, carrying a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. In Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP), the involvement of the respiratory-phonatory-articulatory system manifests within the framework of hypokinetic dysarthria (HKD). Although this condition is widely described in the literature regarding its clinical and perceptual correlates, its quantitative and objective characterization remains partially incomplete and limited to static acoustic assessments, while the analysis of articulatory diadochokinesis (DDK) remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to conduct a multidimensional and integrated analysis of HKD alterations in parkinsonian syndromes, assessing the clinical sensitivity of advanced DDK parameters (Mean Syllable Length, MSL and Energy Slope) and their relationships with traditional DDK indices, as well as perceptual, clinical, and self-assessment measures. Additional objectives included identifying markers capable of differentiating between PD and AP and evaluating the short-term efficacy of the LSVT LOUD speech therapy treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study adopted a cross-sectional design with a longitudinal component for the analysis of pre-post treatment outcomes in the subgroup of patients who underwent speech therapy. The integrated assessment included the MDS-UPDRS Item 3.1, VHI-10, perceptual analysis (Extended GRBAS and INFVo), and videolaryngostroboscopy. Acoustic parameters of sustained phonation (/a/) and diadochokinetic (DDK) measures, calculated from the "buttercup" task, were extracted using LingWAVES software (Vospector and MSDA modules), including mean F0, F0 SD, jitter, shimmer, GNE, DDK rate, DDK stddev, DDK jitter, front/middle/back MSL and Energy Slope. The test battery was repeated after speech therapy using the LSVT LOUD method in the subgroup of patients who completed the treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) and Spearman correlations (p < 0.05). RESULTS Patients with parkinsonism showed significant differences in temporal DDK parameters, with an increase in front MSL in AP compared to PD. Furthermore, a segmental modulation of MSL along the anteroposterior axis was observed, which was associated with clinical severity and age. Correlation analyses highlighted associations between oral DDK parameters, Energy Slope, and spectroacoustic and perceptual indices, particularly with measures of fluency and voice quality. The LSVT LOUD treatment led to a significant improvement in Loudness and Breathiness, without significant changes in articulatory parameters in the short term. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that advanced DDK parameters, specifically segmented MSL and Energy Slope, may serve as useful quantitative tools in the characterization of HKD. These measures provide complementary information compared to traditional assessments, showing potential utility in differentiating between PD and AP as well as in clinical-rehabilitative monitoring. Future studies on larger cohorts and with differentiated articulatory tasks (words vs. non-words) will be necessary to validate their clinical application.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108895