Introduction: Migraine is a recurrent primary neurological disorder and represents one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, ranking second in the global classification of years lived with disability according to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. In patients with medium- and high-frequency episodic migraine (4–14 migraine days/month), pharmacological treatment alone faces significant limitations: incomplete efficacy, low long-term adherence, and risk of progression to chronic disease. Psychoeducational and behavioral interventions, framed within the Supported Self-Management (SSM) model, produce significant benefits on disability and quality of life, but their systematic application and the optimal intensity of professional support required remain under investigation. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of two levels of psychoeducational intervention — a neuropsychologist-led pathway (Group A) and a self-administered therapeutic education program (Group B) — compared with standard clinical practice (Group C), on migraine-related disability (MIDAS). Secondary objectives included monthly attack frequency and a broader set of functional variables (fatigue, depression, anxiety, daytime sleepiness, quality of life). Materials and methods: A prospective, single-center, three-arm parallel controlled study conducted at the Headache Clinic, Neurology Unit, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso. Eighty patients with medium- and high-frequency episodic migraine, on stable prophylactic treatment for at least three months, were randomized by age, sex, and MIDAS score into: Group A (n=20, six group sessions with a neuropsychologist), Group B (n=30, self-managed structured booklet), and Group C (n=30, standard clinical practice). Assessments were performed at baseline (T0) and at 3-month follow-up (T1) using MIDAS, HIT-6, FSS, MFIS, BDI-II, HADS, ESS, and SF-36. Statistical analysis followed the Intention-To-Treat and per-protocol principles, using non-parametric tests and ANCOVA. Results: The ITT analysis (n=74) showed a statistically significant reduction in MIDAS score in both intervention groups compared with baseline (Group A: −18.5 points, p=0.011; Group B: −8.9 points, p=0.007), against substantial stability in Group C (+0.6 points; p=0.831). The comparison between delta scores was significant (p=0.037), with a significant post-hoc difference between Group A and Group C (p=0.043). In the per-protocol analysis, Group B also reached statistical significance compared with Group C (p=0.023). Monthly attack frequency showed a comparable pattern, with significant reductions in both intervention groups. Among the secondary endpoints, Group A showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms on the BDI-II (−3.9 points; p=0.009), an improvement in the Pain subscale of the SF-36, and a significant difference compared with Group C on the Health Change subscale (p=0.033). Fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and anxiety symptoms showed no significant changes in any group. Discussion: Both psychoeducational interventions produce significant benefits on disability and attack frequency in patients already receiving optimized prophylactic treatment, indicating that pharmacotherapy alone does not exhaust the available therapeutic potential. The guided pathway produces additional benefits on psychological dimensions (depression, perceived quality of life). The comparison between ITT and per-protocol analyses shows that the efficacy of the self-administered program is contingent on adherence, suggesting that active monitoring tools could amplify the benefit in real-world practice. These results support the systematic integration of structured psychoeducational approaches in the management of medium- and high-frequency episodic migraine, complementary to pharmacotherapy.
Introduzione: L'emicrania è un disturbo neurologico primario ricorrente e rappresenta una delle principali cause di disabilità a livello mondiale, al secondo posto nella classifica globale degli anni vissuti con disabilità secondo il Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Nei pazienti con emicrania episodica a media e alta frequenza (4–14 giorni/mese), il solo approccio farmacologico incontra limiti rilevanti: efficacia incompleta, bassa aderenza a lungo termine e rischio di cronicizzazione. Gli interventi psicoeducativi e comportamentali, inquadrati nel modello Supported Self-Management (SSM), producono benefici significativi su disabilità e qualità di vita, ma la loro applicazione sistematica e l'intensità del supporto professionale necessario restano oggetto di indagine. Scopo: Valutare l'efficacia di due livelli di intervento psicoeducativo — percorso guidato da neuropsicologa (Gruppo A) e programma di educazione terapeutica autonoma (Gruppo B) — rispetto alla pratica clinica standard (Gruppo C), sulla disabilità da emicrania (MIDAS). Obiettivi secondari: frequenza degli attacchi mensili e variabili funzionali (fatica, depressione, ansia, sonnolenza diurna, qualità di vita). Materiali e metodi: Studio controllato prospettico monocentrico a tre bracci paralleli, Ambulatorio Cefalee, U.O.C. Neurologia, Ospedale Ca' Foncello di Treviso. 80 pazienti con emicrania episodica a media-alta frequenza, in profilassi stabile da almeno tre mesi, randomizzati per età, sesso e MIDAS in: Gruppo A (n=20, 6 incontri di gruppo con neuropsicologa), Gruppo B (n=30, opuscolo strutturato autogestito), Gruppo C (n=30, pratica clinica standard). Valutazioni a baseline (T0) e a 3 mesi (T1) con MIDAS, HIT-6, FSS, MFIS, BDI-II, HADS, ESS, SF-36. Analisi statistica secondo principio Intention-To-Treat e per-protocol, test non parametrici e ANCOVA. Risultati: L'analisi ITT (n=74) ha evidenziato una riduzione statisticamente significativa del punteggio MIDAS in entrambi i gruppi intervento rispetto al baseline (Gruppo A: −18,5 punti, p=0,011; Gruppo B: −8,9 punti, p=0,007), a fronte di una sostanziale stabilità nel Gruppo C (+0,6 punti; p=0,831). Il confronto tra i delta scores era significativo (p=0,037), con differenza post-hoc significativa tra Gruppo A e Gruppo C (p=0,043). Nell'analisi per-protocol, il Gruppo B ha raggiunto la significatività statistica anche nel confronto con il Gruppo C (p=0,023). La frequenza degli attacchi mensili ha mostrato un pattern sovrapponibile, con riduzioni significative in entrambi i gruppi intervento. Tra gli endpoint secondari, il Gruppo A ha mostrato una riduzione significativa della sintomatologia depressiva al BDI-II (−3,9 punti; p=0,009), un miglioramento della sottoscala Pain dell'SF-36 e una differenza significativa rispetto al Gruppo C sulla sottoscala Health Change (p=0,033). Fatica, sonnolenza diurna e sintomi ansiosi non hanno mostrato variazioni significative in nessun gruppo. Discussione: Entrambi gli interventi psicoeducativi producono benefici significativi su disabilità e frequenza degli attacchi in pazienti già in profilassi ottimizzata, indicando che la farmacoterapia da sola non esaurisce il potenziale terapeutico disponibile. Il percorso guidato produce benefici aggiuntivi sulle dimensioni psicologiche (depressione, qualità di vita percepita). Il confronto ITT/per-protocol mostra che l'efficacia del programma autonomo dipende dall'aderenza, suggerendo l'utilità di strumenti di monitoraggio attivo. I risultati supportano l'integrazione sistematica di approcci psicoeducativi strutturati nella gestione dell'emicrania episodica a media-alta frequenza, complementare alla farmacoterapia.
Il Supported Self-Management nel trattamento dell’emicrania episodica a media e alta frequenza
VASON, SILVIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Introduction: Migraine is a recurrent primary neurological disorder and represents one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, ranking second in the global classification of years lived with disability according to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. In patients with medium- and high-frequency episodic migraine (4–14 migraine days/month), pharmacological treatment alone faces significant limitations: incomplete efficacy, low long-term adherence, and risk of progression to chronic disease. Psychoeducational and behavioral interventions, framed within the Supported Self-Management (SSM) model, produce significant benefits on disability and quality of life, but their systematic application and the optimal intensity of professional support required remain under investigation. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of two levels of psychoeducational intervention — a neuropsychologist-led pathway (Group A) and a self-administered therapeutic education program (Group B) — compared with standard clinical practice (Group C), on migraine-related disability (MIDAS). Secondary objectives included monthly attack frequency and a broader set of functional variables (fatigue, depression, anxiety, daytime sleepiness, quality of life). Materials and methods: A prospective, single-center, three-arm parallel controlled study conducted at the Headache Clinic, Neurology Unit, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso. Eighty patients with medium- and high-frequency episodic migraine, on stable prophylactic treatment for at least three months, were randomized by age, sex, and MIDAS score into: Group A (n=20, six group sessions with a neuropsychologist), Group B (n=30, self-managed structured booklet), and Group C (n=30, standard clinical practice). Assessments were performed at baseline (T0) and at 3-month follow-up (T1) using MIDAS, HIT-6, FSS, MFIS, BDI-II, HADS, ESS, and SF-36. Statistical analysis followed the Intention-To-Treat and per-protocol principles, using non-parametric tests and ANCOVA. Results: The ITT analysis (n=74) showed a statistically significant reduction in MIDAS score in both intervention groups compared with baseline (Group A: −18.5 points, p=0.011; Group B: −8.9 points, p=0.007), against substantial stability in Group C (+0.6 points; p=0.831). The comparison between delta scores was significant (p=0.037), with a significant post-hoc difference between Group A and Group C (p=0.043). In the per-protocol analysis, Group B also reached statistical significance compared with Group C (p=0.023). Monthly attack frequency showed a comparable pattern, with significant reductions in both intervention groups. Among the secondary endpoints, Group A showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms on the BDI-II (−3.9 points; p=0.009), an improvement in the Pain subscale of the SF-36, and a significant difference compared with Group C on the Health Change subscale (p=0.033). Fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and anxiety symptoms showed no significant changes in any group. Discussion: Both psychoeducational interventions produce significant benefits on disability and attack frequency in patients already receiving optimized prophylactic treatment, indicating that pharmacotherapy alone does not exhaust the available therapeutic potential. The guided pathway produces additional benefits on psychological dimensions (depression, perceived quality of life). The comparison between ITT and per-protocol analyses shows that the efficacy of the self-administered program is contingent on adherence, suggesting that active monitoring tools could amplify the benefit in real-world practice. These results support the systematic integration of structured psychoeducational approaches in the management of medium- and high-frequency episodic migraine, complementary to pharmacotherapy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108903