Background Very Rare Tumors (VRTs) in the pediatric population are orphan diseases characterized by an annual incidence of less than 2 cases per million and a lack of dedicated clinical trials. To overcome clinical isolation, the TREP (Tumori Rari in Età Pediatrica) Project was established in Italy in 2000 as a national cooperative network. Currently, the evolution of research necessitates harmonization on a European scale, led by the PARTNER project, to standardize taxonomy and promote data interoperability. Study Aim To evaluate the epidemiological profile and medium-term survival (Overall Survival, OS, and Event-Free Survival, EFS) of the historical TREP Project cohort (2000-2016), by retrospectively applying the classification criteria of the European PARTNER registry. Materials and Methods A multicenter, retrospective, observational study was conducted on patients (aged 0-18 years) enrolled in the TREP database. Following taxonomic revision according to PARTNER criteria, the database underwent a rigorous data cleaning procedure. Patients lacking temporal or follow-up data were excluded, thus isolating a final eligible cohort for survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results The overall cohort (N=1020) demonstrated a female prevalence (58.1%) and a median age of 12.2 years. Within the eligible cohort (N=709), the global 3-year prognosis was excellent, with an OS of 88.4% and an EFS of 80.2%. Stratification by age revealed a prognostic gap detrimental to adolescents (15-18 years), who exhibited an OS of 84.5% compared to 89.5% in the 0-14 year age group. Moreover, comparison with AIRTUM data confirmed severe adolescent under-reporting, highlighting a dramatic dispersion of patients with adult-type tumors outside the pediatric network. Survival varied significantly according to histotype: the 3-year OS was 100% for appendiceal NETs and 99.2% for thyroid carcinomas, compared to 79.6% for adrenocortical carcinomas and 57.5% for pleuropulmonary blastomas. Conclusions The cooperative model guarantees a highly favorable overall prognosis for pediatric VRTs. However, surgical dispersion and adolescent enrollment deficits demand a profound paradigm shift. Future perspectives necessitate the adoption of interoperable, cloud-based European platforms (such as the EUPID system) and the implementation of Fast-Track Referral portals for peripheral clinicians. This must be coupled with the establishment of multidisciplinary AYA (Adolescents and Young Adults) pathways aimed at definitively bridge the care gap.
Introduzione I Tumori Rari in Età Pediatrica (VRT) sono patologie orfane caratterizzate da un'incidenza inferiore a 2 casi per milione all'anno e dall'assenza di trial clinici dedicati. Per superare l'isolamento clinico, in Italia è nato nel 2000 il Progetto TREP (Tumori Rari in Età Pediatrica), un network cooperativo nazionale. Oggi, l'evoluzione della ricerca impone un'armonizzazione su scala europea, guidata dal progetto PARTNER, per standardizzare la tassonomia e favorire l'interoperabilità dei dati. Scopo dello studio Valutare il quadro epidemiologico e la sopravvivenza a medio termine (Overall Survival - OS, ed Event-Free Survival - EFS) della coorte storica del Progetto TREP (2000-2016), applicando retrospettivamente i criteri di classificazione del registro europeo PARTNER. Materiali e Metodi Studio osservazionale retrospettivo e multicentrico sui pazienti (0-18 anni) arruolati nel database TREP. Dopo la revisione tassonomica secondo i criteri PARTNER, il database è stato sottoposto a una rigorosa procedura di data cleaning. Sono stati esclusi i pazienti privi di dati temporali o di follow-up, isolando una coorte finale eleggibile per l'analisi di sopravvivenza mediante curve di Kaplan-Meier. Risultati La coorte generale (N=1020) ha evidenziato una prevalenza femminile (58.1%) e un'età mediana di 12.2 anni. Sulla coorte eleggibile (N=709), la prognosi globale a 3 anni è risultata eccellente, con una OS dell'88.4% e una EFS dell'80.2%. Stratificando per età, è emerso un divario prognostico a sfavore degli adolescenti (15-18 anni), i quali presentano una OS dell'84.5% contro l'89.5% della fascia 0-14 anni. Inoltre, il confronto con i dati AIRTUM ha confermato un grave under-reporting adolescenziale, con una drammatica dispersione dei pazienti affetti da tumori adult-type al di fuori della rete pediatrica. La sopravvivenza varia significativamente per istotipo: OS a 3 anni del 100% per i NET appendicolari e 99.2% per i carcinomi tiroidei, contro il 79.6% dei carcinomi adrenocorticali e il 57.5% del blastoma pleuropolmonare. Conclusioni Il modello cooperativo garantisce una prognosi globale altamente favorevole per i VRT pediatrici. Tuttavia, la dispersione chirurgica e il deficit di arruolamento degli adolescenti richiedono un profondo cambio di paradigma. Le prospettive future impongono l'impiego di piattaforme europee cloud-based interoperabili (sistema EUPID) e l'implementazione di portali di Fast-Track Referral per i clinici periferici, uniti alla creazione di percorsi multidisciplinari AYA (Adolescents and Young Adults) volti ad azzerare definitivamente il divario assistenziale.
Analisi dell'arruolamento dei casi di tumore veramente raro in età pediatrica in Italia (2000-2016): risultati del Progetto TREP.
GIAMBUZZI, GIULIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background Very Rare Tumors (VRTs) in the pediatric population are orphan diseases characterized by an annual incidence of less than 2 cases per million and a lack of dedicated clinical trials. To overcome clinical isolation, the TREP (Tumori Rari in Età Pediatrica) Project was established in Italy in 2000 as a national cooperative network. Currently, the evolution of research necessitates harmonization on a European scale, led by the PARTNER project, to standardize taxonomy and promote data interoperability. Study Aim To evaluate the epidemiological profile and medium-term survival (Overall Survival, OS, and Event-Free Survival, EFS) of the historical TREP Project cohort (2000-2016), by retrospectively applying the classification criteria of the European PARTNER registry. Materials and Methods A multicenter, retrospective, observational study was conducted on patients (aged 0-18 years) enrolled in the TREP database. Following taxonomic revision according to PARTNER criteria, the database underwent a rigorous data cleaning procedure. Patients lacking temporal or follow-up data were excluded, thus isolating a final eligible cohort for survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results The overall cohort (N=1020) demonstrated a female prevalence (58.1%) and a median age of 12.2 years. Within the eligible cohort (N=709), the global 3-year prognosis was excellent, with an OS of 88.4% and an EFS of 80.2%. Stratification by age revealed a prognostic gap detrimental to adolescents (15-18 years), who exhibited an OS of 84.5% compared to 89.5% in the 0-14 year age group. Moreover, comparison with AIRTUM data confirmed severe adolescent under-reporting, highlighting a dramatic dispersion of patients with adult-type tumors outside the pediatric network. Survival varied significantly according to histotype: the 3-year OS was 100% for appendiceal NETs and 99.2% for thyroid carcinomas, compared to 79.6% for adrenocortical carcinomas and 57.5% for pleuropulmonary blastomas. Conclusions The cooperative model guarantees a highly favorable overall prognosis for pediatric VRTs. However, surgical dispersion and adolescent enrollment deficits demand a profound paradigm shift. Future perspectives necessitate the adoption of interoperable, cloud-based European platforms (such as the EUPID system) and the implementation of Fast-Track Referral portals for peripheral clinicians. This must be coupled with the establishment of multidisciplinary AYA (Adolescents and Young Adults) pathways aimed at definitively bridge the care gap.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108906