Background and Aims. Patients with cirrhosis exhibit altered hemostasis, but it remains debated whether reduced platelet aggregation reflects thrombocytopenia alone or a true qualitative dysfunction. We compared whole-blood platelet aggregometry (Multiplate®) between cirrhotic patients and healthy controls, using both raw aggregation values and the platelet ratio (PLT ratio = AUC/platelet count × 1000) to separate intrinsic platelet function from thrombocytopenia. Methods. Cross-sectional study of 31 cirrhotic patients (median age 63 years, 77% male; Child-Pugh A/B/C 32/45/23%; alcohol-related etiology in 58%) and 41 healthy controls. ADP-, ASPI-, and TRAP-induced aggregation was assessed by Multiplate®. Comparisons used Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests; ROC analysis evaluated diagnostic performance, and multivariable logistic regression tested whether Multiplate® added discriminative value beyond platelet count. Results. All three Multiplate® tests were markedly reduced in patients vs controls: ADP 23 [17.5-46.5] vs 65 [53-75] U (p < 0.001), ASPI 17 [6.5-23.5] vs 62 [55-72] U (p < 0.001), TRAP 58 [30-94] vs 96 [86-107] U (p < 0.001). Platelet count was markedly lower in patients (99 [63-144] vs 234 [213-273] × 10⁹/L; p < 0.001). On ROC analysis, ASPI showed excellent discriminative ability for cirrhosis (AUC 0.94, 95% CI 0.86-1.00; cutoff 43 U: 94% sensitivity, 93% specificity), outperforming platelet count alone (AUC 0.90), ADP (0.85), and TRAP (0.76). When normalized for platelet count, the PLT ratio showed a striking dissociation among agonists: ASPI ratio was significantly lower in patients (0.164 vs 0.260; p < 0.001) and decreased progressively across Child-Pugh classes (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.001), reaching 46 in Child-Pugh C; in contrast, ADP ratio was preserved (0.273 vs 0.270; p = 0.66) and TRAP ratio was even higher in patients (0.535 vs 0.407; p = 0.02). In multivariable logistic models adjusted for platelet count, only ASPI (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.96; p = 0.002) and ASPI ratio (OR 0.99, p = 0.007) remained independent predictors of cirrhosis, with significant likelihood-ratio tests confirming added discriminative value beyond thrombocytopenia (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions. In cirrhotic patients, the COX-1-mediated platelet aggregation pathway (ASPI) shows a selective, severity-dependent impairment, independent of thrombocytopenia, whereas ADP- and TRAP-induced aggregation appears preserved or enhanced when normalized per platelet - consistent with the rebalanced hemostasis model. ASPI testing with Multiplate® may serve as a sensitive marker of qualitative platelet dysfunction in cirrhosis. Validation in larger prospective cohorts with bleeding and thrombotic outcomes is warranted.
Background e obiettivi. I pazienti con cirrosi presentano alterazioni dell'emostasi, ma non è chiaro se la ridotta aggregazione piastrinica rifletta solo la trombocitopenia o una vera disfunzione qualitativa delle piastrine. Abbiamo confrontato l'aggregometria su sangue intero (Multiplate®) tra pazienti cirrotici e controlli sani, utilizzando sia i valori assoluti sia il PLT ratio (aggregazione/conta piastrinica × 1000), per distinguere la funzione piastrinica intrinseca dall'effetto della trombocitopenia. Metodi. Studio trasversale su 31 pazienti cirrotici (età mediana 63 anni, 77% maschi; Child-Pugh A/B/C 32/45/23%; eziologia alcol-correlata nel 58%) e 41 controlli sani. L'aggregazione indotta da ADP, ASPI e TRAP è stata misurata con Multiplate®. I confronti sono stati eseguiti con test di Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis; l'analisi ROC ha valutato la performance diagnostica e la regressione logistica multivariata ha testato se Multiplate® aggiunga valore discriminativo oltre la conta piastrinica. Risultati. Tutti e tre i test Multiplate® erano marcatamente ridotti nei pazienti rispetto ai controlli: ADP 23 [17,5-46,5] vs 65 [53-75] U (p < 0,001), ASPI 17 [6,5-23,5] vs 62 [55-72] U (p < 0,001), TRAP 58 [30-94] vs 96 [86-107] U (p < 0,001). La conta piastrinica era profondamente più bassa nei pazienti (99 [63-144] vs 234 [213-273] × 10⁹/L; p < 0,001). All'analisi ROC, ASPI ha mostrato una capacità discriminativa eccellente per la cirrosi (AUC 0,94, IC al 95% 0,86-1,00; cut-off 43 U: sensibilità 94%, specificità 93%), superando sia la sola conta piastrinica (AUC 0,90), sia ADP (0,85) e TRAP (0,76). Quando normalizzato per la conta piastrinica, il rapporto PLT ha mostrato una dissociazione tra gli agonisti: il rapporto ASPI era significativamente più basso nei pazienti (0.164 vs 0.260; p < 0,001) e decresceva progressivamente con la classe Child-Pugh (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0,001), raggiungendo 46 in Child-Pugh C; al contrario, il rapporto ADP era preservato (0.273 vs 0.270; p = 0,66) e il rapporto TRAP era addirittura più alto nei pazienti (0.535 vs 0.407; p = 0,02). Nei modelli logistici multivariati aggiustati per la conta piastrinica, solo ASPI (OR 0,91, IC al 95% 0,85-0,96; p = 0,002) e il rapporto ASPI (OR 0,99, p = 0,007) restavano predittori indipendenti di cirrosi, con likelihood-ratio test che confermavano il loro valore aggiuntivo rispetto alla sola trombocitopenia (p = 0,0003 e p = 0,002, rispettivamente). Conclusioni. I pazienti cirrotici mostrano una compromissione selettiva e dipendente dalla gravità della via di aggregazione piastrinica COX-1 (ASPI), indipendente dalla trombocitopenia, mentre l'aggregazione indotta da ADP e TRAP risulta preservata o addirittura aumentata quando normalizzata per piastrina, in linea con il modello del rebalanced haemostasis. Il test ASPI con Multiplate® potrebbe rappresentare un marker sensibile di disfunzione piastrinica qualitativa nella cirrosi. È necessaria una validazione in coorti prospettiche più ampie con outcomes emorragici e trombotici.
Valutazione dell'aggregazione piastrinica su sangue intero nei pazienti con cirrosi epatica
DAL CASTELLO, MATTIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background and Aims. Patients with cirrhosis exhibit altered hemostasis, but it remains debated whether reduced platelet aggregation reflects thrombocytopenia alone or a true qualitative dysfunction. We compared whole-blood platelet aggregometry (Multiplate®) between cirrhotic patients and healthy controls, using both raw aggregation values and the platelet ratio (PLT ratio = AUC/platelet count × 1000) to separate intrinsic platelet function from thrombocytopenia. Methods. Cross-sectional study of 31 cirrhotic patients (median age 63 years, 77% male; Child-Pugh A/B/C 32/45/23%; alcohol-related etiology in 58%) and 41 healthy controls. ADP-, ASPI-, and TRAP-induced aggregation was assessed by Multiplate®. Comparisons used Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests; ROC analysis evaluated diagnostic performance, and multivariable logistic regression tested whether Multiplate® added discriminative value beyond platelet count. Results. All three Multiplate® tests were markedly reduced in patients vs controls: ADP 23 [17.5-46.5] vs 65 [53-75] U (p < 0.001), ASPI 17 [6.5-23.5] vs 62 [55-72] U (p < 0.001), TRAP 58 [30-94] vs 96 [86-107] U (p < 0.001). Platelet count was markedly lower in patients (99 [63-144] vs 234 [213-273] × 10⁹/L; p < 0.001). On ROC analysis, ASPI showed excellent discriminative ability for cirrhosis (AUC 0.94, 95% CI 0.86-1.00; cutoff 43 U: 94% sensitivity, 93% specificity), outperforming platelet count alone (AUC 0.90), ADP (0.85), and TRAP (0.76). When normalized for platelet count, the PLT ratio showed a striking dissociation among agonists: ASPI ratio was significantly lower in patients (0.164 vs 0.260; p < 0.001) and decreased progressively across Child-Pugh classes (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.001), reaching 46 in Child-Pugh C; in contrast, ADP ratio was preserved (0.273 vs 0.270; p = 0.66) and TRAP ratio was even higher in patients (0.535 vs 0.407; p = 0.02). In multivariable logistic models adjusted for platelet count, only ASPI (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.96; p = 0.002) and ASPI ratio (OR 0.99, p = 0.007) remained independent predictors of cirrhosis, with significant likelihood-ratio tests confirming added discriminative value beyond thrombocytopenia (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions. In cirrhotic patients, the COX-1-mediated platelet aggregation pathway (ASPI) shows a selective, severity-dependent impairment, independent of thrombocytopenia, whereas ADP- and TRAP-induced aggregation appears preserved or enhanced when normalized per platelet - consistent with the rebalanced hemostasis model. ASPI testing with Multiplate® may serve as a sensitive marker of qualitative platelet dysfunction in cirrhosis. Validation in larger prospective cohorts with bleeding and thrombotic outcomes is warranted.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Dal Castello_Mattia.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
1.59 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.59 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108911