Background Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Its treatment is characterized by frequent failures and loss of response over time. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK inhibitors, JAKi) are effective, rapidly acting oral therapies. In rheumatologic diseases, within-class switching between JAKi is supported by more robust evidence; in ulcerative colitis, however, the role of this strategy remains poorly defined, particularly in real-world clinical practice. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of within-class switching between JAKi in patients with ulcerative colitis previously exposed to this drug class, assessing steroid-free clinical remission, clinical response, biochemical and endoscopic outcomes, treatment persistence, adverse events, and factors associated with response. Methods A retrospective real-world observational study was conducted within the clinical and research activity of the Gastroenterology Unit of the University Hospital of Padua, with integration of data from other participating IBD centers. Adult patients with ulcerative colitis previously exposed to a JAKi and subsequently treated with a second JAKi for active disease were included. The primary endpoint was steroid-free clinical remission at 12 weeks. Results Overall, 243 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 38 weeks (IQR 21–57). Steroid-free clinical remission was achieved in 48% of patients at 12 weeks, 49% at 26 weeks, and 28% at 52 weeks. Secondary loss of response to the first JAKi was associated with a higher probability of remission at 12 weeks in univariate analysis (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.11–3.30; p = 0.02). Conversely, higher baseline clinical disease activity (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.55–0.83; p <0.01) and concomitant steroid use (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.13–0.42; p <0.01) were associated with a lower probability of remission in multivariate analysis. The second JAKi was discontinued in 28% of patients, mainly due to lack of efficacy. Adverse events were reported in 23% of patients, mostly acne and infections, with no major cardiovascular or thromboembolic events observed. conclusions Switching to a second JAKi may represent a feasible and overall safe therapeutic strategy in patients with ulcerative colitis previously exposed to this drug class. Clinical benefit appears to be influenced by the type of failure to the first JAKi, baseline disease activity, and steroid use at treatment initiation.
Introduzione La colite ulcerosa è una malattia infiammatoria cronica, il cui trattamento farmacologico è caratterizzato da frequenti fallimenti terapeutici e perdita di risposta nel tempo. Gli inibitori delle Janus chinasi (JAK-inibitori, JAKi) sono farmaci orali efficaci e a rapida azione. Nelle malattie reumatologiche, lo switch intra-classe tra JAKi è supportato da evidenze solide; nella colite ulcerosa, invece, il ruolo di questa strategia rimane ancora poco definito. Scopo L’obiettivo dello studio è stato valutare efficacia e sicurezza dello switch intra classe tra JAKi in pazienti con colite ulcerosa precedentemente esposti a questa classe farmacologica, analizzando remissione clinica libera da steroidi, risposta clinica, outcome biochimici ed endoscopici, persistenza terapeutica, eventi avversi e fattori associati alla risposta. Metodi È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo real-world, sviluppato nell’ambito dell’attività clinica e di ricerca della Gastroenterologia dell’Azienda Ospedale–Università di Padova, con integrazione di dati provenienti da altri centri IBD partecipanti. Sono stati inclusi pazienti adulti con colite ulcerosa già esposti a un JAKi e successivamente trattati con un secondo JAKi per malattia attiva. L’endpoint primario era la remissione clinica libera da steroidi a 12 settimane. Risultati Sono stati inclusi 243 pazienti, con follow-up mediano di 38 settimane (IQR 21 57). La remissione clinica libera da steroidi è stata raggiunta nel 48% dei pazienti a 12 settimane, nel 49% a 26 settimane e nel 28% a 52 settimane. La perdita secondaria di risposta al primo JAKi era associata a maggiore probabilità di remissione a 12 settimane all’analisi univariata (OR 1,92; IC 95% 1,11–3,30; p = 0,02). Una maggiore attività clinica al baseline (OR 0,68; IC 95% 0,55–0,83; p <0,01) e l’uso concomitante di steroidi (OR 0,23; IC 95% 0,13–0,42; p <0,01) erano invece associati a minore probabilità di remissione all’analisi multivariata. Il secondo JAKi è stato sospeso nel 28% dei pazienti, principalmente per inefficacia. Eventi avversi sono stati riportati nel 23%, prevalentemente acne e infezioni, senza eventi cardiovascolari maggiori o tromboembolici. Conclusioni Lo switch verso un secondo JAKi può rappresentare una strategia terapeutica concreta e complessivamente sicura nei pazienti con colite ulcerosa già esposti a questa classe farmacologica. Il beneficio clinico sembra influenzato dal tipo di fallimento del primo JAKi, dall’attività di malattia e dall’uso di steroidi al baseline.
Sequenziamento terapeutico degli inibitori di JAK nella colite ulcerosa: efficacia e sicurezza dello switch intraclasse nella pratica clinica reale
KHOSROPOUR, ZAHRA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Its treatment is characterized by frequent failures and loss of response over time. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK inhibitors, JAKi) are effective, rapidly acting oral therapies. In rheumatologic diseases, within-class switching between JAKi is supported by more robust evidence; in ulcerative colitis, however, the role of this strategy remains poorly defined, particularly in real-world clinical practice. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of within-class switching between JAKi in patients with ulcerative colitis previously exposed to this drug class, assessing steroid-free clinical remission, clinical response, biochemical and endoscopic outcomes, treatment persistence, adverse events, and factors associated with response. Methods A retrospective real-world observational study was conducted within the clinical and research activity of the Gastroenterology Unit of the University Hospital of Padua, with integration of data from other participating IBD centers. Adult patients with ulcerative colitis previously exposed to a JAKi and subsequently treated with a second JAKi for active disease were included. The primary endpoint was steroid-free clinical remission at 12 weeks. Results Overall, 243 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 38 weeks (IQR 21–57). Steroid-free clinical remission was achieved in 48% of patients at 12 weeks, 49% at 26 weeks, and 28% at 52 weeks. Secondary loss of response to the first JAKi was associated with a higher probability of remission at 12 weeks in univariate analysis (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.11–3.30; p = 0.02). Conversely, higher baseline clinical disease activity (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.55–0.83; p <0.01) and concomitant steroid use (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.13–0.42; p <0.01) were associated with a lower probability of remission in multivariate analysis. The second JAKi was discontinued in 28% of patients, mainly due to lack of efficacy. Adverse events were reported in 23% of patients, mostly acne and infections, with no major cardiovascular or thromboembolic events observed. conclusions Switching to a second JAKi may represent a feasible and overall safe therapeutic strategy in patients with ulcerative colitis previously exposed to this drug class. Clinical benefit appears to be influenced by the type of failure to the first JAKi, baseline disease activity, and steroid use at treatment initiation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108918