Background. The transition to adulthood for preterm-born individuals is accompanied by social, emotional, and interpersonal vulnerabilities. The relative contribution of prematurity itself versus contemporary psychosocial, relational and environmental determinants to perceived quality of life in this population remains unclear. Aim. To describe health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents and young adults born with very low birth weight (VLBW) and/or gestational age ≤ 30 weeks, to compare HRQoL across age groups, and to identify associations with the severity of prematurity, sociodemographic characteristics, and educational and occupational factors. Methods. A single-centre cross-sectional observational study was conducted on a historical cohort (born 2003-2010) followed at the neonatal Follow-up service of AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana. HRQoL was assessed using the Italian version of the SF-36 questionnaire. Perinatal data and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of corrected age were retrieved from clinical records; sociodemographic, educational, and occupational variables were collected through a questionnaire adapted from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Statistical analyses included Spearman’s correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple linear regression. Results. A total of 301 participants were enrolled, with a mean gestational age of 29.1 ± 2.4 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1131 ± 298 g. The Physical Component Summary (PCS) of the SF-36 showed median scores close to the maximum score, whereas the Mental Component Summary (MCS) yielded a mean score of 45.07 (SD 11.70), below the normative reference values, indicating impaired psychological well-being. On multivariate analysis, variables significantly associated with MCS were perceived school workload (β= -0.95; p<0.01), bullying victimization (β= - 4.24; p<0.01), and psychotropic medication use (β=-8.13; p<0.01). Age-group comparisons revealed a significant decline in MCS scores among young adults compared to adolescents (mean 42.63 vs 47.31; p< 0.01), alongside a modest but statistically significant improvement in PCS (57.91 vs 56.20; p=0.01). Conclusions. These findings confirm the “disability paradox”: despite the challenges associated with preterm birth, participants demonstrated adaptive mechanisms and resilience resulting in excellent perceived physical functioning, comparable to that of the general population. Psychological well-being, however, proved vulnerable and deteriorated during the transition to adulthood, likely in response to increasing social and occupational demands. These results underscore the need for targeted psychological support and social integration interventions during adolescence and young adulthood.
Presupposti dello studio. La transizione all’età adulta dei soggetti nati pretermine è accompagnata da fragilità sul piano sociale, emotivo e interpersonale. Rimane aperto il dibattito circa il ruolo relativo della prematurità e dei determinanti psicosociali, relazionali e ambientali nel modellare la qualità di vita percepita di questa popolazione. Scopo dello studio. Descrivere la qualità di vita correlata alla salute (HRQoL) di adolescenti e giovani adulti nati con peso molto basso alla nascita (VLBW) e/o età gestazionale ≤ 30 settimane, confrontarne i valori tra le fasce d’età e identificare correlazioni con la gravità della prematurità, le caratteristiche sociodemografiche e i fattori scolastici e lavorativi. Materiali e metodi. Studio osservazionale trasversale monocentrico su coorte storica (nati 2003-2010), seguita presso il servizio di Follow-up neonatale dell’AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana. La HRQoL è stata misurata mediante SF-36 (versione italiana). I dati perinatali e di sviluppo neuro-evolutivo a 2 anni di età corretta sono stati estratti dalle cartelle cliniche del Follow-up neonatale; le variabili sociodemografiche, scolastiche e lavorative sono state raccolte tramite un questionario tratto dall’HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children). L’analisi statistica ha incluso test di Spearman, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e regressione lineare multipla. Risultati. 301 soggetti, con età gestazionale media di 29,1± 2,4 settimane gestazionali e peso neonatale medio di 1131 ± 298 grammi, hanno partecipato allo studio. La componente fisica dell’SF-36 (PCS) presenta punteggi mediani prossimi al massimo, mentre la componente mentale (MCS), con una media di 45,07 (DS 11,70), si colloca al di sotto dei valori normativi di riferimento, indicando una percezione del benessere psicologico compromessa. All’analisi multivariata, le variabili significativamente associate a MCS sono il carico scolastico percepito (β= -0,95; p<0,01), la vittimizzazione da bullismo (β= - 4,24; p<0,01) e l’utilizzo di psicofarmaci (β=-8,13; p<0,01). Il confronto tra le fasce d’età evidenzia una riduzione significativa della MCS nei giovani adulti rispetto agli adolescenti (media 42,63 vs 47,31; p< 0,01), con un lieve ma significativo miglioramento della componente fisica (PCS: 57,91 vs 56,20; p=0,01). Conclusioni. I risultati confermano il paradosso della disabilità: nonostante la prematurità e le difficoltà ad essa associate, i partecipanti sviluppano meccanismi di adattamento e resilienza che si traducono in una percezione del funzionamento fisico eccellente, sovrapponibile a quella della popolazione generale. Il benessere psicologico risulta invece vulnerabile e si deteriora nel passaggio all’età adulta, in risposta alle crescenti richieste sul piano relazionale e lavorativo. Si conferma pertanto la necessità di interventi mirati al sostegno psicologico e all’integrazione sociale in età adolescenziale e nella giovane età adulta.
La qualità di vita di adolescenti e giovani adulti nati pretermine
CAPPONI, ILARIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background. The transition to adulthood for preterm-born individuals is accompanied by social, emotional, and interpersonal vulnerabilities. The relative contribution of prematurity itself versus contemporary psychosocial, relational and environmental determinants to perceived quality of life in this population remains unclear. Aim. To describe health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents and young adults born with very low birth weight (VLBW) and/or gestational age ≤ 30 weeks, to compare HRQoL across age groups, and to identify associations with the severity of prematurity, sociodemographic characteristics, and educational and occupational factors. Methods. A single-centre cross-sectional observational study was conducted on a historical cohort (born 2003-2010) followed at the neonatal Follow-up service of AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana. HRQoL was assessed using the Italian version of the SF-36 questionnaire. Perinatal data and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of corrected age were retrieved from clinical records; sociodemographic, educational, and occupational variables were collected through a questionnaire adapted from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Statistical analyses included Spearman’s correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple linear regression. Results. A total of 301 participants were enrolled, with a mean gestational age of 29.1 ± 2.4 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1131 ± 298 g. The Physical Component Summary (PCS) of the SF-36 showed median scores close to the maximum score, whereas the Mental Component Summary (MCS) yielded a mean score of 45.07 (SD 11.70), below the normative reference values, indicating impaired psychological well-being. On multivariate analysis, variables significantly associated with MCS were perceived school workload (β= -0.95; p<0.01), bullying victimization (β= - 4.24; p<0.01), and psychotropic medication use (β=-8.13; p<0.01). Age-group comparisons revealed a significant decline in MCS scores among young adults compared to adolescents (mean 42.63 vs 47.31; p< 0.01), alongside a modest but statistically significant improvement in PCS (57.91 vs 56.20; p=0.01). Conclusions. These findings confirm the “disability paradox”: despite the challenges associated with preterm birth, participants demonstrated adaptive mechanisms and resilience resulting in excellent perceived physical functioning, comparable to that of the general population. Psychological well-being, however, proved vulnerable and deteriorated during the transition to adulthood, likely in response to increasing social and occupational demands. These results underscore the need for targeted psychological support and social integration interventions during adolescence and young adulthood.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108924