The thesis analyzes the genesis and evolution of the political and personal rift that occurred between two leaders of the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, in the crucial two-year period 1922-1924, from its origins to its consequences. The aim of this work is to deconstruct a myth that has often spread in various circles, especially among those nostalgic for Stalinism-that is, that of a linear, harmonious, and above all legitimate rise and succession of Stalin-thus investigating the profound ideological and character differences between the two leaders, which emerged particularly during Lenin's illness. The analysis, after a brief historical contextualization and a brief framing of the two leaders and their role within the party (in particular Stalin's position), takes its steps primarily from the controversies over the structure of the Soviet state, with particular attention to the "Georgian question" and to the monopoly of foreign trade (two issues in which the two leaders had very strong ideological-political differences and clashed bitterly), and then reached the deterioration of human and personal relations, culminating with the "Krupskaya case" and with the consequent drafting by Lenin of his political "Testament". The break between the two thus emerges not only as a simple historical-biographical episode, but more as a crucial node that inevitably impacted and determined the future of the Soviet Union, allowing Stalin to neutralize and cancel every warning from the late Lenin, and to independently establish an autocratic and unipersonal power, through a constant operation of sacralization of the figure of the deceased on the one hand, and the establishment of a repressive apparatus centered on the use of the instrument of terror by the other.
La tesi analizza la genesi e l'evoluzione della rottura politica e personale intercorsa tra due leader dell'Unione Sovietica, cioè Vladimir Lenin e Iosif Stalin, nel biennio cruciale 1922-1924, sin dalle origini fino alle sue conseguenze. L'obiettivo del lavoro è quello di decostruire un mito spesso diffusosi in diversi ambienti, specie tra i nostalgici dello stalinismo, cioè quello di un'ascesa e successione di Stalin lineare, armoniosa e soprattutto legittima, indagando così le profonde divergenze ideologiche e caratteriali tra i due leader, e che emersero in particolar modo nel periodo della malattia di Lenin. L'analisi, dopo una breve contestualizzazione storica e un breve inquadramento dei due leader e del loro ruolo all'interno del partito (in particolare della posizione di Stalin) muove i suoi passi in primo luogo dalle controversie sull'assetto dello Stato sovietico, con una particolare attenzione alla "questione georgiana" e al monopolio del commercio estero (due tematiche in cui i due leader ebbero divergenze ideologico-politiche molto forti e si scontrarono aspramente), per poi giungere al deterioramento dei rapporti umani e personali, culminato con il "caso Krupskaja" e con conseguente stesura da parte di Lenin del suo "Testamento" politico. La rottura dei due emerge così non solo come un semplice episodio storico-biografico, quanto più come nodo cruciale che ha inevitabilmente impattato e determinato il futuro dell'Unione Sovietica, permettendo a Stalin di neutralizzare e annullare ogni monito del defunto Lenin, e di instaurare autonomamente un potere autocratico e unipersonale, attraverso una costante operazione di sacralizzazione della figura del defunto da un lato, e dall'instaurazione di un apparato repressivo centrato sull'utilizzo dello strumento del terrore dall'altro.
LENIN E STALIN: GENESI DI UNA ROTTURA POLITICA E PERSONALE
FARINELLA, LUCA
2025/2026
Abstract
The thesis analyzes the genesis and evolution of the political and personal rift that occurred between two leaders of the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, in the crucial two-year period 1922-1924, from its origins to its consequences. The aim of this work is to deconstruct a myth that has often spread in various circles, especially among those nostalgic for Stalinism-that is, that of a linear, harmonious, and above all legitimate rise and succession of Stalin-thus investigating the profound ideological and character differences between the two leaders, which emerged particularly during Lenin's illness. The analysis, after a brief historical contextualization and a brief framing of the two leaders and their role within the party (in particular Stalin's position), takes its steps primarily from the controversies over the structure of the Soviet state, with particular attention to the "Georgian question" and to the monopoly of foreign trade (two issues in which the two leaders had very strong ideological-political differences and clashed bitterly), and then reached the deterioration of human and personal relations, culminating with the "Krupskaya case" and with the consequent drafting by Lenin of his political "Testament". The break between the two thus emerges not only as a simple historical-biographical episode, but more as a crucial node that inevitably impacted and determined the future of the Soviet Union, allowing Stalin to neutralize and cancel every warning from the late Lenin, and to independently establish an autocratic and unipersonal power, through a constant operation of sacralization of the figure of the deceased on the one hand, and the establishment of a repressive apparatus centered on the use of the instrument of terror by the other.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108966