The present study analyzes the evolution of Mao Zedong’s thought and the decisive role it played in China’s domestic history and international relations during the twentieth century. Through an examination of its ideological foundations, centered on the concept of permanent class struggle and the central role of the peasant masses, and the significance of the Cultural Revolution for the country’s subsequent development, this research reconstructs the process by which Maoism transformed from a revolutionary theory into a system of governance and an instrument of political legitimacy. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of foreign policy, characterized by strong national pride, a spirit of independence, and resolute opposition to imperialism. Its main evolutionary phases and strategic choices are examined: from the initial alliance with the Soviet Union, to the subsequent Sino-Soviet split, and finally to the diplomatic turning point of the 1970s with the opening towards the United States. The study highlights how foreign policy was deeply intertwined with domestic needs: isolationism, self-sufficiency, and support for revolutionary movements worldwide responded both to the imperative of safeguarding national security and to the goal of propagating communist ideology. Lastly, the work reflects on the complex legacy of this experience, discussing the results achieved, the human and social costs incurred, and the long-term impact that helped shape China’s role on the contemporary global stage.
Il presente lavoro analizza l’evoluzione del pensiero di Mao Zedong e il ruolo determinante che esso ha svolto nella storia interna e nelle relazioni internazionali della Cina del Novecento. Attraverso lo studio dei suoi fondamenti ideologici, incentrati sul concetto di lotta di classe permanente e sul ruolo centrale delle masse contadine, e dell’importanza della Rivoluzione Culturale per lo sviluppo successivo del paese, questa ricerca ricostruisce il processo attraverso il quale il maoismo si è trasformato da teoria rivoluzionaria a sistema di governo e strumento di legittimazione del potere. La seconda parte della tesi è dedicata all’analisi della politica estera, caratterizzata da un forte orgoglio nazionale, da uno spirito di indipendenza e da una decisa opposizione all’imperialismo. Vengono esaminate le sue principali fasi evolutive e le scelte strategiche: dall’iniziale alleanza con l’Unione Sovietica, alla successiva rottura sino-sovietica, fino alla svolta diplomatica degli anni Settanta con l’apertura verso gli Stati Uniti. Lo studio evidenzia come la politica estera fosse profondamente intrecciata con le necessità interne: l’isolamento, l’autosufficienza e il sostegno ai movimenti rivoluzionari nel mondo rispondevano sia all’esigenza di difendere la sicurezza nazionale sia a quella di propagare l’ideologia comunista. Infine, il lavoro riflette sulla complessa eredità di questa esperienza, discutendone i risultati raggiunti, i costi umani e sociali, nonché l’impatto di lungo periodo che ha contribuito a definire il ruolo della Cina sulla scena globale contemporanea.
L'ideologia del Partito comunista cinese e la politica estera di Mao Zedong
ZHANG, LULU
2025/2026
Abstract
The present study analyzes the evolution of Mao Zedong’s thought and the decisive role it played in China’s domestic history and international relations during the twentieth century. Through an examination of its ideological foundations, centered on the concept of permanent class struggle and the central role of the peasant masses, and the significance of the Cultural Revolution for the country’s subsequent development, this research reconstructs the process by which Maoism transformed from a revolutionary theory into a system of governance and an instrument of political legitimacy. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of foreign policy, characterized by strong national pride, a spirit of independence, and resolute opposition to imperialism. Its main evolutionary phases and strategic choices are examined: from the initial alliance with the Soviet Union, to the subsequent Sino-Soviet split, and finally to the diplomatic turning point of the 1970s with the opening towards the United States. The study highlights how foreign policy was deeply intertwined with domestic needs: isolationism, self-sufficiency, and support for revolutionary movements worldwide responded both to the imperative of safeguarding national security and to the goal of propagating communist ideology. Lastly, the work reflects on the complex legacy of this experience, discussing the results achieved, the human and social costs incurred, and the long-term impact that helped shape China’s role on the contemporary global stage.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109004