Background and Hypothesis: Air pollution exposure has been associated with altered neurodevelopment and increased risk of schizophrenia. Individuals at high genetic risk may be more vulnerable to these effects. In this study, we examined how exposure to air pollutants relates to brain structure and functional connectivity in adolescents, and we tested for the first time whether genetic risk for schizophrenia exacerbates these effects. Study Design: We included n=1,580 individuals with information on genetic risk for schizophrenia, air pollution at 9-10 years, and structural and resting-state functional MRI at 13-14 years from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Annual ambient particulate matter (PM₂.₅), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) concentrations from the 2016 calendar year year were estimated using hybrid ensemble spatiotemporal models. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Resting-state functional MRI data were acquired collected on 3T scanners. We used linear mixed-effects models to examine the association between air pollution exposure and brain measures, and test whether genetic risk for schizophrenia moderated these effects. Study Results: Higher PM₂.₅ was associated with smaller right frontal pole surface area (p-FDR=0.039). Individuals with low PRS-SCZ and medium PM₂.₅ had smaller left caudate volumes compared with those with medium PRS-SCZ and medium PM₂.₅ (p-FDR=0.019). In individuals with low PRS-SCZ, higher PM₂.₅ was associated with larger left (p-FDR=0.019) and right (p-FDR=0.018) caudate volumes. Higher NO₂ was associated with stronger negative functional connectivity between default mode and dorsal attention networks (p-FDR=0.034) and weaker positive functional connectivity between dorsal attention and frontoparietal networks (p-FDR=0.034). Conclusions: Air pollution and its interplay with genetic risk for schizophrenia are associated with structural and functional changes in areas implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. This underscores the potential of lowering air pollution during critical periods of neurodevelopment and informing proactive environmental policies.
Background e ipotesi: L’esposizione all’inquinamento atmosferico è stata associata ad alterazioni del neurosviluppo e ad un aumentato rischio di schizofrenia. Gli individui con elevato rischio genetico potrebbero essere più vulnerabili a tali effetti. In questo studio, abbiamo esaminato il modo in cui l’inquinamento atmosferico interagisce con la struttura cerebrale e la connettività funzionale negli adolescenti, e abbiamo verificato, per la prima volta, se il rischio genetico per la schizofrenia amplifichi questi effetti. Disegno dello studio: Abbiamo incluso n=1.580 individui con informazioni relative al rischio genetico per la schizofrenia, all’esposizione all’inquinamento atmosferico a 9-10 anni, e risonanza magnetica strutturale e funzionale a riposo all’età di 13-14 anni, provenienti dallo studio Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Le concentrazioni annuali di particolato atmosferico (PM2.5), biossido di azoto (NO2) e ozono (O3) relative all’anno solare 2016 sono state stimate tramite modelli spaziotemporali ensemble ibridi. I dati di risonanza magnetica strutturale e funzionale a riposo sono stati acquisiti mediante scanner a 3T. Abbiamo utilizzato modelli lineari a effetti misti per valutare l’associazione tra esposizione all’inquinamento atmosferico e misure cerebrali, e per verificare se il rischio genetico per la schizofrenia moderasse questi effetti. Risultati dello studio: Livelli più elevati di PM2.5 erano associati ad una minore area superficiale del polo frontale destro (p-FDR = 0,039). Gli individui con basso PRS-SCZ e livelli medi di PM2.5 presentavano volumi del caudato sinistro inferiori, paragonati agli individui con PRS-SCZ medio e livelli medi di PM2.5 (p-FDR = 0,019). Negli individui con PRS-SCZ basso, livelli più alti di PM2.5 correlavano a volumi maggiori del caudato sinistro (p-FDR = 0,019) e destro (p-FDR = 0,018). Livelli più elevati di NO2 erano associati ad una connettività funzionale negativa più marcata tra default mode network e network attentivo dorsale (p-FDR = 0,034) e ad una connettività funzionale positiva più debole tra il network attentivo dorsale e quello frontoparietale (p-FDR = 0,034). Conclusioni: L’inquinamento atmosferico e la sua interazione con il rischio genetico per la schizofrenia si associano a modificazioni strutturali e funzionali in aree coinvolte nella fisiopatologia della schizofrenia. Ciò sottolinea il potenziale beneficio della riduzione dell’esposizione all’inquinamento atmosferico durante i periodi critici del neurosviluppo e può favorire l’elaborazione di politiche ambientali preventive.
Effetti dell’inquinamento atmosferico e la sua interazione con il rischio genetico per la schizofrenia su struttura e funzione cerebrale
GOMIERO, SOFIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background and Hypothesis: Air pollution exposure has been associated with altered neurodevelopment and increased risk of schizophrenia. Individuals at high genetic risk may be more vulnerable to these effects. In this study, we examined how exposure to air pollutants relates to brain structure and functional connectivity in adolescents, and we tested for the first time whether genetic risk for schizophrenia exacerbates these effects. Study Design: We included n=1,580 individuals with information on genetic risk for schizophrenia, air pollution at 9-10 years, and structural and resting-state functional MRI at 13-14 years from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Annual ambient particulate matter (PM₂.₅), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) concentrations from the 2016 calendar year year were estimated using hybrid ensemble spatiotemporal models. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Resting-state functional MRI data were acquired collected on 3T scanners. We used linear mixed-effects models to examine the association between air pollution exposure and brain measures, and test whether genetic risk for schizophrenia moderated these effects. Study Results: Higher PM₂.₅ was associated with smaller right frontal pole surface area (p-FDR=0.039). Individuals with low PRS-SCZ and medium PM₂.₅ had smaller left caudate volumes compared with those with medium PRS-SCZ and medium PM₂.₅ (p-FDR=0.019). In individuals with low PRS-SCZ, higher PM₂.₅ was associated with larger left (p-FDR=0.019) and right (p-FDR=0.018) caudate volumes. Higher NO₂ was associated with stronger negative functional connectivity between default mode and dorsal attention networks (p-FDR=0.034) and weaker positive functional connectivity between dorsal attention and frontoparietal networks (p-FDR=0.034). Conclusions: Air pollution and its interplay with genetic risk for schizophrenia are associated with structural and functional changes in areas implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. This underscores the potential of lowering air pollution during critical periods of neurodevelopment and informing proactive environmental policies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Tesi studio ABCD_ GOMIERO SOFIA 2009948.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
2.34 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.34 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109091