Study Background Right ventricular involvement in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a known factor worsening clinical outcomes. Because positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) modulates right ventricular afterload by influencing both alveolar collapse and overdistention, we investigated the efficacy of various PEEP selection strategies based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. Study Purpose The study aims to evaluate changes in right ventricular function following the use of four different PEEP values: the PEEP level determined according to the lower PEEP-FiO2 table (PEEP Baseline); the PEEP value associated with the best compromise between overdistension and atelectasis (PEEP ODCL); the highest PEEP value that minimizes the risk of overdistension (PEEP OD); and the lowest PEEP level that minimizes the risk of atelectasis (PEEP CL). The latter three are determined using EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography). Materials and methods The protocol for this randomized crossover pilot physiological study consisted of four phases. The first, common to all patients, consisted of applying PEEP according to the PEEP/FiO2 table, while the subsequent phases (PEEP ODCL, PEEP OD, PEEP CL) were applied after the EIT according to a randomized sequence generated by the statistical software. At the end of each phase, transthoracic echocardiographic variables of right ventricular biomechanics were collected. Offline analysis was performed by two blinded echocardiographers. Results Ten patients were enrolled. Median (first-third quartile) PEEP ODCL, PEEP OD, and PEEP CL were 14 (13-14), 8 (8-10), and 18 (17-20) cmH2O, respectively. Compared with PEEP CL, PEEP ODCL was associated with higher right ventricle fractional area change (37.4 vs. 30.3%, p = 0.012) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (23 vs. 17 mm, p = 0.035). The right ventricle index of myocardial performance was lower at PEEP ODCL than at PEEP OD (0.36 vs. 0.44, p = 0.023) and PEEP CL (0.36 vs. 0.56, p = 0.035). Right ventricle global longitudinal absolute strain was also higher at PEEP ODCL than at PEEP CL (18 vs. 16%, p = 0.034). Conclusions The results obtained demonstrated that, overall, a PEEP value associated with the best compromise between overdistension and collapse, as determined by EIT, appears to be beneficial in preserving right ventricular function while avoiding the negative effects associated with high PEEP values.
Presupposti dello studio Il coinvolgimento del ventricolo destro nell'ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) è un noto fattore di peggioramento degli esiti clinici. Poiché la PEEP (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure) modula il postcarico del ventricolo destro influenzando sia il collasso alveolare che la sovradistensione, abbiamo indagato l'efficacia di varie strategie di selezione della PEEP basate sulla tomografia a impedenza elettrica (EIT) in pazienti con ARDS moderata-severa. Scopo dello studio Lo studio mira a valutare le variazioni della funzione ventricolare destra in seguito all’utilizzo di quattro differenti valori di PEEP: il livello di PEEP determinato secondo la tabella PEEP / frazione di ossigeno inspirato (FiO2) più bassa (PEEP Baseline); il valore di PEEP associato al miglior compromesso tra sovradistensione e atelettasia (PEEP ODCL); il valore di PEEP più alto che minimizza il rischio di sovradistensione (PEEP OD); il livello di PEEP più basso che minimizza il rischio di atelettasia (PEEP CL). Questi ultimi tre determinati tramite EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography). Materiali e metodi Il protocollo di questo studio fisiologico pilota randomizzato crossover prevede quattro fasi. La prima, comune a tutti i pazienti, consiste nell’applicazione della PEEP secondo la tabella PEEP/FiO2 mentre le successive (PEEP ODCL, PEEP OD, PEEP CL) sono state applicate dopo l’esecuzione dell’EIT secondo una sequenza randomizzata generata dal software statistico. Al termine di ciascuna fase sono state raccolte le variabili ecocardiografiche transtoraciche della biomeccanica del ventricolo destro. L'analisi offline è stata eseguita da due ecocardiografisti in cieco. Risultati Sono stati arruolati dieci pazienti. I valori mediani (primo-terzo quartile) di PEEP ODCL, PEEP OD e PEEP CL erano rispettivamente 14 (13-14), 8 (8-10) e 18 (17-20) cmH2O. Rispetto a PEEP CL, PEEP ODCL era associato a una maggiore variazione frazionale dell'area del ventricolo destro (37,4 vs. 30,3%, p = 0,012) e a una maggiore escursione sistolica del piano anulare tricuspidale (23 vs. 17 mm, p = 0,035). L'indice di performance miocardica del ventricolo destro era inferiore a PEEP ODCL rispetto a PEEP OD (0,36 vs. 0,44, p = 0,023) e PEEP CL (0,36 vs. 0,56, p = 0,035). La deformazione longitudinale assoluta globale del ventricolo destro era inoltre maggiore a PEEP ODCL rispetto a PEEP CL (18% contro 16%, p = 0,034). Conclusioni I risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato che, nel complesso, un valore di PEEP associato al miglior compromesso tra sovradistensione e il collasso, determinato mediante EIT, sembrerebbe avere beneficio nel preservare la funzione del ventricolo destro evitando gli effetti negativi associati ad alti valori di PEEP.
Il danno ventricolare destro indotto dalla pressione positiva di fine espirazione nei pazienti con sindrome da distress respiratorio acuto moderato-severo: uno studio fisiologico pilota
TREVISAN, ANDREALBA
2025/2026
Abstract
Study Background Right ventricular involvement in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a known factor worsening clinical outcomes. Because positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) modulates right ventricular afterload by influencing both alveolar collapse and overdistention, we investigated the efficacy of various PEEP selection strategies based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. Study Purpose The study aims to evaluate changes in right ventricular function following the use of four different PEEP values: the PEEP level determined according to the lower PEEP-FiO2 table (PEEP Baseline); the PEEP value associated with the best compromise between overdistension and atelectasis (PEEP ODCL); the highest PEEP value that minimizes the risk of overdistension (PEEP OD); and the lowest PEEP level that minimizes the risk of atelectasis (PEEP CL). The latter three are determined using EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography). Materials and methods The protocol for this randomized crossover pilot physiological study consisted of four phases. The first, common to all patients, consisted of applying PEEP according to the PEEP/FiO2 table, while the subsequent phases (PEEP ODCL, PEEP OD, PEEP CL) were applied after the EIT according to a randomized sequence generated by the statistical software. At the end of each phase, transthoracic echocardiographic variables of right ventricular biomechanics were collected. Offline analysis was performed by two blinded echocardiographers. Results Ten patients were enrolled. Median (first-third quartile) PEEP ODCL, PEEP OD, and PEEP CL were 14 (13-14), 8 (8-10), and 18 (17-20) cmH2O, respectively. Compared with PEEP CL, PEEP ODCL was associated with higher right ventricle fractional area change (37.4 vs. 30.3%, p = 0.012) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (23 vs. 17 mm, p = 0.035). The right ventricle index of myocardial performance was lower at PEEP ODCL than at PEEP OD (0.36 vs. 0.44, p = 0.023) and PEEP CL (0.36 vs. 0.56, p = 0.035). Right ventricle global longitudinal absolute strain was also higher at PEEP ODCL than at PEEP CL (18 vs. 16%, p = 0.034). Conclusions The results obtained demonstrated that, overall, a PEEP value associated with the best compromise between overdistension and collapse, as determined by EIT, appears to be beneficial in preserving right ventricular function while avoiding the negative effects associated with high PEEP values.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109100