Background: Contemporary medicine is increasingly characterized by scientific, technological and communicative complexity. Concepts such as risk, probability, effectiveness, uncertainty, prevention and risk-benefit assessment are central to clinical practice, yet they are often difficult for the general public to understand. At the same time, the Internet and social media have profoundly changed the way health information is produced, disseminated and interpreted. In this context, medical-scientific communication should not be considered merely an accessory to care, but rather an essential clinical and social competence. Aim of the study: The aim of this thesis was to analyse the strategies and challenges involved in communicating medical-scientific complexity to twenty-first-century citizens. The experimental part of the study assessed the communicative effectiveness of an Instagram reel on hypercholesterolaemia and statin therapy, investigating whether a short educational video could improve the understanding of key concepts and help correct widespread misconceptions. Materials and methods: A real-world social media pre-post study was conducted. Participants were recruited through Instagram stories and completed an anonymous questionnaire before and after watching the video. The questionnaire assessed five objective knowledge items about cholesterol and statins, as well as perceptual variables such as clarity, self-perceived understanding and perceived reliability of the content. A total of 1513 pre-video and 296 post-video responses were collected. After data cleaning and matching through an anonymous code, the final paired analytical sample included 146 participants. Results: The total knowledge score increased from 4.17 ± 1.26 before the video to 4.95 ± 0.24 after the video, with a mean improvement of 0.78 points. The proportion of participants achieving the maximum score increased from 58.2% to 95.9%. All five knowledge items showed an increase in correct answers, particularly those concerning the asymptomatic nature of high cholesterol, the need to assess the overall cardiovascular risk profile and the misconception that statins should be avoided a priori. Perceptual variables showed high ratings for the content; the association between self-perceived understanding and post-video knowledge score was positive and statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that a short educational video, if designed in a clear, coherent and scientifically accurate way, can measurably improve the understanding of complex medical concepts. The study also highlights that perceived clarity does not always fully coincide with actual understanding, and that the quality of medical communication should be assessed using both subjective indicators and objective measures of learning. Medical communication therefore emerges as a key competence for contemporary physicians and as a genuine component of care.
RIASSUNTO Presupposti dello studio: La medicina contemporanea è caratterizzata da una crescente complessità scientifica, tecnologica e comunicativa. Concetti come rischio, probabilità, efficacia, incertezza, prevenzione e rapporto rischio-beneficio sono centrali nella pratica clinica, ma risultano spesso difficili da comprendere per il cittadino. Parallelamente, Internet e i social media hanno modificato profondamente il modo in cui le informazioni sanitarie vengono prodotte, distribuite e interpretate. In questo scenario, la comunicazione medico-scientifica non rappresenta soltanto un complemento della cura, ma una competenza clinica e sociale essenziale. Scopo dello studio: Lo scopo della tesi è analizzare le strategie e le sfide della comunicazione medico-scientifica nel cittadino del XXI secolo, con particolare attenzione alla traduzione della complessità in messaggi comprensibili e corretti. La parte sperimentale ha valutato l’efficacia comunicativa di un reel pubblicato su Instagram sul tema dell’ipercolesterolemia e del trattamento con statine, verificando se un contenuto divulgativo breve fosse in grado di migliorare la comprensione di concetti chiave e di correggere alcune misconcezioni diffuse. Materiali e metodi: È stato condotto uno studio pre-post in ambiente social reale. I partecipanti sono stati reclutati tramite Instagram stories e hanno compilato un questionario anonimo prima e dopo la visione del video. Il questionario valutava cinque conoscenze oggettive sul colesterolo e sulle statine, oltre a variabili percettive quali chiarezza, comprensione soggettiva e affidabilità del contenuto. Sono state raccolte 1513 risposte pre-video e 296 risposte post-video; dopo la pulizia dei dati e il matching tramite codice anonimo, il campione analitico appaiato è risultato composto da 146 soggetti. Risultati: Il punteggio totale di conoscenza è aumentato da 4,17 ± 1,26 nel pre-video a 4,95 ± 0,24 nel post-video, con un miglioramento medio di 0,78 punti. La quota di partecipanti con punteggio pieno è aumentata dal 58,2% al 95,9%. Tutti e cinque gli item di conoscenza hanno mostrato un incremento delle risposte corrette, con particolare evidenza per le domande relative alla non sintomaticità del colesterolo alto, alla necessità di valutare il rischio cardiovascolare complessivo e alla non corretta demonizzazione delle statine. Le variabili percettive hanno mostrato una valutazione elevata del contenuto; la relazione tra comprensione percepita e score post-video è risultata positiva e statisticamente significativa. Conclusioni: I risultati suggeriscono che un contenuto divulgativo breve, se costruito in modo chiaro, coerente e scientificamente corretto, può migliorare in modo misurabile la comprensione di concetti medico-scientifici complessi. La tesi conferma inoltre che la chiarezza percepita non coincide sempre con la comprensione reale e che, per valutare la qualità della comunicazione medica, è necessario affiancare indicatori soggettivi e misure oggettive di apprendimento. La comunicazione emerge quindi come una competenza fondamentale del medico contemporaneo e come una vera forma di cura.
Comunicare la complessità: strategie e sfide nella divulgazione e nella comunicazione medico-scientifica per il cittadino nel XXI secolo.
DE ANGELIS, TOMMASO
2025/2026
Abstract
Background: Contemporary medicine is increasingly characterized by scientific, technological and communicative complexity. Concepts such as risk, probability, effectiveness, uncertainty, prevention and risk-benefit assessment are central to clinical practice, yet they are often difficult for the general public to understand. At the same time, the Internet and social media have profoundly changed the way health information is produced, disseminated and interpreted. In this context, medical-scientific communication should not be considered merely an accessory to care, but rather an essential clinical and social competence. Aim of the study: The aim of this thesis was to analyse the strategies and challenges involved in communicating medical-scientific complexity to twenty-first-century citizens. The experimental part of the study assessed the communicative effectiveness of an Instagram reel on hypercholesterolaemia and statin therapy, investigating whether a short educational video could improve the understanding of key concepts and help correct widespread misconceptions. Materials and methods: A real-world social media pre-post study was conducted. Participants were recruited through Instagram stories and completed an anonymous questionnaire before and after watching the video. The questionnaire assessed five objective knowledge items about cholesterol and statins, as well as perceptual variables such as clarity, self-perceived understanding and perceived reliability of the content. A total of 1513 pre-video and 296 post-video responses were collected. After data cleaning and matching through an anonymous code, the final paired analytical sample included 146 participants. Results: The total knowledge score increased from 4.17 ± 1.26 before the video to 4.95 ± 0.24 after the video, with a mean improvement of 0.78 points. The proportion of participants achieving the maximum score increased from 58.2% to 95.9%. All five knowledge items showed an increase in correct answers, particularly those concerning the asymptomatic nature of high cholesterol, the need to assess the overall cardiovascular risk profile and the misconception that statins should be avoided a priori. Perceptual variables showed high ratings for the content; the association between self-perceived understanding and post-video knowledge score was positive and statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that a short educational video, if designed in a clear, coherent and scientifically accurate way, can measurably improve the understanding of complex medical concepts. The study also highlights that perceived clarity does not always fully coincide with actual understanding, and that the quality of medical communication should be assessed using both subjective indicators and objective measures of learning. Medical communication therefore emerges as a key competence for contemporary physicians and as a genuine component of care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109108