Background: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by VHL gene mutations. Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs) are rare, locally aggressive neoplasms occurring in 10-15% of VHL patients, leading to severe and irreversible hearing loss. To date, surgical resection remains the only curative treatment. Aim: To evaluate surgical and rehabilitative outcomes, survival and recurrence rates, and genotype-phenotype correlations in a cohort of VHL patients treated for ELST. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 11 patients (12 affected ears) with VHL-associated ELST treated at the Otolaryngology Unit of the University Hospital of Padova (2013-2026). Clinical, radiological, surgical, and molecular data were analyzed. Survival analysis (OS, DSS, DFS) was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, Log-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The cohort showed a female predominance (72.7%) and a median age at diagnosis of 37 years. The translabyrinthine approach was the most frequently used (83.3%), given the already advanced hearing loss at onset in almost the entire sample (83.3%). A cochlear implant was placed concurrently in 33.3% of cases. OS and DSS were 100% at 53 months, with no major complications and excellent facial nerve preservation. DFS at 53 months was 83.3% (2 recurrences). Although lacking statistical significance, a longer diagnostic delay was documented in relapsed cases. Molecular analysis revealed a heterogeneous mutational spectrum (predominantly on exon 3), without significant correlations with phenotype aggressiveness. Conclusions: Radical surgical resection provides excellent oncological and survival outcomes in ELSTs, with a contained functional risk. Diagnostic delay remains critical for recurrence risk, requiring stringent clinical surveillance. Cochlear implantation represents an effective rehabilitative strategy. Further multicentric studies are needed to define the actual prognostic role of the VHL genotype.
Presupposti: La sindrome di Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) è una patologia autosomica dominante causata da mutazioni del gene VHL. I tumori del sacco endolinfatico (ELST) sono rare neoplasie localmente aggressive che si manifestano nel 10-15% dei pazienti VHL, determinando un'ipoacusia grave e irreversibile. Ad oggi, la resezione chirurgica rappresenta l'unico trattamento curativo. Scopo dello studio: Valutare outcome chirurgici e riabilitativi, tassi di sopravvivenza e recidiva, nonché correlazioni genotipo-fenotipo in una coorte di pazienti VHL trattati per ELST. Materiali e metodi: Studio retrospettivo su 11 pazienti (12 orecchie affette) con ELST associato a VHL, trattati presso l'Otorinolaringoiatria dell'Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova (2013-2026). Sono stati analizzati dati clinico-radiologici, chirurgici e molecolari. L'analisi di sopravvivenza (OS, DSS, DFS) è stata condotta mediante stime di Kaplan-Meier, test Log-rank e test U di Mann-Whitney. Risultati: La coorte presenta prevalenza femminile (72,7%) ed età mediana alla diagnosi di 37 anni. L'approccio translabirintico è stato il più impiegato (83,3%), considerata l'ipoacusia già avanzata all'esordio nella quasi totalità del campione (83,3%). Nel 33,3% dei casi si è posizionato contestualmente un impianto cocleare. L'OS e la DSS si attestano al 100% a 53 mesi, in assenza di complicanze maggiori e con ottima preservazione del nervo facciale. La DFS a 53 mesi è risultata dell'83,3% (2 recidive). Pur senza significatività statistica, si è documentato un maggiore ritardo diagnostico nei casi recidivati. L'analisi molecolare ha evidenziato uno spettro mutazionale eterogeneo (prevalentemente sull'esone 3), in assenza di correlazioni significative con l'aggressività del fenotipo. Conclusioni: La resezione chirurgica radicale garantisce eccellenti outcome oncologici e di sopravvivenza negli ELST, con un rischio funzionale contenuto. Il ritardo diagnostico si conferma critico per il rischio di recidiva, imponendo una sorveglianza clinica stringente. L'impianto cocleare rappresenta un'efficace strategia riabilitativa. Ulteriori studi multicentrici risultano necessari per definire l'effettivo ruolo prognostico del genotipo VHL.
Il trattamento chirurgico del tumore del sacco endolinfatico associato alla malattia di von Hippel-Lindau: analisi di sopravvivenza e correlazione genotipica
FAGIUOLI, SOFIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by VHL gene mutations. Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs) are rare, locally aggressive neoplasms occurring in 10-15% of VHL patients, leading to severe and irreversible hearing loss. To date, surgical resection remains the only curative treatment. Aim: To evaluate surgical and rehabilitative outcomes, survival and recurrence rates, and genotype-phenotype correlations in a cohort of VHL patients treated for ELST. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 11 patients (12 affected ears) with VHL-associated ELST treated at the Otolaryngology Unit of the University Hospital of Padova (2013-2026). Clinical, radiological, surgical, and molecular data were analyzed. Survival analysis (OS, DSS, DFS) was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, Log-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The cohort showed a female predominance (72.7%) and a median age at diagnosis of 37 years. The translabyrinthine approach was the most frequently used (83.3%), given the already advanced hearing loss at onset in almost the entire sample (83.3%). A cochlear implant was placed concurrently in 33.3% of cases. OS and DSS were 100% at 53 months, with no major complications and excellent facial nerve preservation. DFS at 53 months was 83.3% (2 recurrences). Although lacking statistical significance, a longer diagnostic delay was documented in relapsed cases. Molecular analysis revealed a heterogeneous mutational spectrum (predominantly on exon 3), without significant correlations with phenotype aggressiveness. Conclusions: Radical surgical resection provides excellent oncological and survival outcomes in ELSTs, with a contained functional risk. Diagnostic delay remains critical for recurrence risk, requiring stringent clinical surveillance. Cochlear implantation represents an effective rehabilitative strategy. Further multicentric studies are needed to define the actual prognostic role of the VHL genotype.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109114