ABSTRACT Background. IPMNs are the most common pancreatic cystic lesions. They are considered precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer; however, their risk of malignant progression cannot currently be predicted with precision. In the absence of clinical and radiological risk criteria, IPMNs are managed with active surveillance. A critical issue in the decision-making process is the onset of symptoms during follow-up. Some symptoms are clearly recognized as indicators of malignant progression. However, most abdominal symptoms reported by patients are nonspecific and may lead to inappropriate surgical intervention. Aim. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of abdominal symptoms in patients undergoing surveillance for very low-risk IPMNs. The secondary objective was to compare symptom burden, quality of life, and psychological distress between patients under active surveillance for very low-risk IPMNs and patients who underwent pancreatic resection with a final histopathological diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia. The study also aimed to evaluate the clinical and psychological impact of pancreatic resection and to assess the balance between its benefits and complications in patients with low-risk IPMNs. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted at Padua University Hospital as part of a multicenter study promoted by the Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas. Forty-five patients undergoing surveillance for very low-risk IPMNs, without HRS or WF, and stable for >12 months, were included. The comparison group consisted of 21 patients who had undergone pancreatic resection and had a final histopathological diagnosis of low-grade dysplastic IPMN, evaluated >12 months after surgery. Participants completed the EORTC QLQ-PAN26 questionnaire for symptom assessment, the SF-36 questionnaire for quality-of-life evaluation, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for the psychological distress. Results. In the surveillance group, the most frequently reported symptoms were flatulence, abdominal bloating, and indigestion. However, all symptoms were of mild severity. Overall symptom burden was higher in surgically treated patients than in patients under surveillance, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. In the surgical group, major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ IIIa) occurred in 38.1% of cases, while grade B postoperative pancreatic fistula developed in 57.1%. Overall quality of life was significantly better in patients under surveillance than in those who had undergone surgery. Regarding psychological distress, no significant differences were observed in anxiety levels, whereas surgically treated patients showed significantly higher depression scores compared with patients under surveillance. Conclusions. Patients with very low-risk IPMNs undergoing surveillance generally experience mild and nonspecific abdominal symptoms, suggesting that they are more likely attributable to concomitant gastrointestinal conditions rather than to the IPMN itself. Therefore, the presence of vague abdominal symptoms alone does not appear to constitute a valid indication for surgery in the absence of additional risk factors. Furthermore, patients who underwent surgery for lesions ultimately diagnosed as low-grade dysplasia exhibited significantly poorer quality of life and higher levels of depressive symptoms compared with patients under surveillance. These findings support a conservative approach for low-risk IPMNs and underscore the importance of avoiding unnecessary surgical treatment.
RIASSUNTO Presupposti dello studio. Le IPMN sono le lesioni cistiche pancreatiche più frequenti. Sono considerate lesioni precursori del tumore del pancreas, ma il rischio di evoluzione maligna non è predicibile con esattezza ad oggi. In assenza di criteri clinici e radiologici, le IPMN vengono gestite in sorveglianza, ma un punto critico nel processo decisionale è l’insorgenza di sintomi durante il follow-up. Alcuni sintomi sono chiaramente riconosciuti come spia di evoluzione maligna della lesione. Tuttavia la maggior parte dei sintomi addominali riportati dai pazienti sono aspecifici, e rischiano di condurre ad un intervento chirurgico inappropriato. Scopo dello studio. Lo scopo principale dello studio è stato di indagare la prevalenza e la gravità dei sintomi addominali nei pazienti in sorveglianza attiva per IPMN a rischio molto basso. L’obiettivo secondario è stato quello di confrontare il burden sintomatologico, la qualità di vita e il disagio psicologico nei pazienti in sorveglianza attiva per IPMN a rischio molto basso e nei pazienti sottoposti a resezione chirurgica con diagnosi istologica finale di Low Grade Dysplasia. Lo studio si è anche proposto di valutare l’impatto clinico e psicologico dell’intervento di resezione pancreatica e il rapporto tra benefici e complicanze dello stesso per pazienti con IPMN a basso rischio. Materiali e metodi. Lo studio è stato condotto presso l’Ospedale di Padova, nell’ambito di uno studio multicentrico dell’Associazione Italiana Studio Pancreas. Sono stati inclusi 45 pazienti in sorveglianza per IPMN a rischio molto basso, in assenza di HRS o di WF, stabili da >12 mesi. Il gruppo di confronto ha incluso 21 pazienti operati con resezione pancreatica e con diagnosi istologica finale di IPMN Low Grade Dysplasia, dopo >12 mesi dall’intervento. I partecipanti hanno compilato il questionario EORTC QLQ-PAN26 per la valutazione dei sintomi, il questionario SF-36 per la qualità di vita e la Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) per il disagio psicologico. Risultati. Nel gruppo in sorveglianza, i sintomi più frequenti sono risultati flatulenza, distensione addominale e cattiva digestione. Tuttavia tutti i sintomi sono risultati di gravità modesta. Il burden sintomatologico globale è risultato maggiore nei pazienti operati rispetto ai sorvegliati, senza però raggiungere la significatività statistica. Nel gruppo chirurgico sono state osservate complicanze maggiori (Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIa) nel 38,1% dei casi e fistola pancreatica postoperatoria di grado B nel 57,1%. La qualità di vita complessiva è risultata significativamente migliore nei pazienti sorvegliati rispetto ai soggetti operati. Per quanto riguarda il disagio psicologico, non sono state osservate differenze significative nei livelli di ansia, mentre i pazienti operati hanno mostrato punteggi di depressione significativamente più elevati rispetto ai pazienti in sorveglianza. Conclusioni. I pazienti con IPMN a rischio molto basso in sorveglianza presentano sintomi addominali generalmente lievi e aspecifici, suggerendo che siano attribuibili a condizioni gastrointestinali concomitanti piuttosto che alla IPMN. La sola presenza di sintomi addominali vaghi non sembra pertanto costituire una valida indicazione alla chirurgia in assenza di ulteriori fattori di rischio. Inoltre, la chirurgia su lesioni poi diagnosticate come displasia di basso grado mostrano una qualità di vita significativamente inferiore e livelli più elevati di sintomi depressivi rispetto ai soggetti in sorveglianza. Questi risultati supportano un approccio conservativo nelle IPMN a basso rischio e sottolineano l'importanza di evitare trattamenti chirurgici non necessari.
Valutazione dei sintomi e della qualità di vita nelle IPMN del pancreas di basso grado (S.L.O.W. IPMN) osservate e in quelle resecate: uno studio caso-controllo multicentrico prospettico.
CORNACCHIA, VITO
2025/2026
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background. IPMNs are the most common pancreatic cystic lesions. They are considered precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer; however, their risk of malignant progression cannot currently be predicted with precision. In the absence of clinical and radiological risk criteria, IPMNs are managed with active surveillance. A critical issue in the decision-making process is the onset of symptoms during follow-up. Some symptoms are clearly recognized as indicators of malignant progression. However, most abdominal symptoms reported by patients are nonspecific and may lead to inappropriate surgical intervention. Aim. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of abdominal symptoms in patients undergoing surveillance for very low-risk IPMNs. The secondary objective was to compare symptom burden, quality of life, and psychological distress between patients under active surveillance for very low-risk IPMNs and patients who underwent pancreatic resection with a final histopathological diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia. The study also aimed to evaluate the clinical and psychological impact of pancreatic resection and to assess the balance between its benefits and complications in patients with low-risk IPMNs. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted at Padua University Hospital as part of a multicenter study promoted by the Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas. Forty-five patients undergoing surveillance for very low-risk IPMNs, without HRS or WF, and stable for >12 months, were included. The comparison group consisted of 21 patients who had undergone pancreatic resection and had a final histopathological diagnosis of low-grade dysplastic IPMN, evaluated >12 months after surgery. Participants completed the EORTC QLQ-PAN26 questionnaire for symptom assessment, the SF-36 questionnaire for quality-of-life evaluation, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for the psychological distress. Results. In the surveillance group, the most frequently reported symptoms were flatulence, abdominal bloating, and indigestion. However, all symptoms were of mild severity. Overall symptom burden was higher in surgically treated patients than in patients under surveillance, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. In the surgical group, major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ IIIa) occurred in 38.1% of cases, while grade B postoperative pancreatic fistula developed in 57.1%. Overall quality of life was significantly better in patients under surveillance than in those who had undergone surgery. Regarding psychological distress, no significant differences were observed in anxiety levels, whereas surgically treated patients showed significantly higher depression scores compared with patients under surveillance. Conclusions. Patients with very low-risk IPMNs undergoing surveillance generally experience mild and nonspecific abdominal symptoms, suggesting that they are more likely attributable to concomitant gastrointestinal conditions rather than to the IPMN itself. Therefore, the presence of vague abdominal symptoms alone does not appear to constitute a valid indication for surgery in the absence of additional risk factors. Furthermore, patients who underwent surgery for lesions ultimately diagnosed as low-grade dysplasia exhibited significantly poorer quality of life and higher levels of depressive symptoms compared with patients under surveillance. These findings support a conservative approach for low-risk IPMNs and underscore the importance of avoiding unnecessary surgical treatment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109137