Background and Aims: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are the most common type of pancreatic cystic lesion and represent one of the main precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Identifying patients at higher risk of progression to invasive carcinoma through long-term surveillance programs remains a major clinical challenge. In this context, the ESPRESSO-IPMN study was designed to investigate the role of the exposome in the natural history of pancreatic cysts and their malignant potential. The primary endpoint of the study is the development of high-grade dysplasia or pancreatic carcinoma on definitive histopathological examination. Materials and Methods: ESPRESSO-IPMN is an international multicenter retrospective registry with prospective collection of follow-up data. Adult patients with a radiological and/or histopathological diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions and at least two available observational time points were included. At baseline and during all subsequent follow-up visits, data regarding patient exposome, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of the lesions, as well as histopathological outcomes, were collected. This thesis presents an interim analysis based on the currently available data, providing a descriptive review of the study population. Results: At the time of analysis, 1,600 patients had been enrolled, including 435 who underwent surgical resection and 1,165 managed with surveillance. Median follow-up duration was 3 years (IQR 1.5–5.9), with a median of 2 reassessments (IQR 1–4) in addition to the baseline evaluation. Branch-duct IPMNs (BD-IPMNs) represented the majority of cystic lesions (73.1% of cases). During surveillance, the most frequent finding was cyst growth, observed in 36.9% of patients. Among resected IPMNs, 54.6% were of the gastric subtype, 21.6% intestinal, 21.9% pancreatobiliary, and 1.9% oncocytic. Histopathological examination revealed low-grade dysplasia in 35.8% of cases, high-grade dysplasia in 33.3%, and an invasive component associated with IPMN in 30.8%. Conclusions: Preliminary results show a patient cohort largely consistent with data reported in the literature, both among patients undergoing surveillance and those treated surgically. Consistently with existing evidence, our findings highlight that current risk stratification parameters do not allow optimal identification of surgical timing, resulting in surgery being performed either too early or too late in approximately 30% of patients. These results underscore the need for additional diagnostic and prognostic tools capable of improving risk assessment for malignant progression of pancreatic cystic lesions. The final analysis of the ESPRESSO-IPMN study will help clarify whether and how individual exposome factors contribute to the progression of pancreatic cystic neoplasms, with the ultimate goal of improving patient stratification and optimizing the timing of surgical intervention.
Backgorund e obiettivi: le neoplasie intraduttali papillari mucinose del pancreas (IPMNs) rappresentano la più frequente tipologia di lesione cistica pancreatica e costituiscono una delle principali lesioni precursori dell’adenocarcinoma pancreatico. L’identificazione dei pazienti a maggior rischio di progressione verso il carcinoma invasivo, tramite programmi di sorveglianza a lungo termine, rimane tuttavia una sfida clinica. In questo contesto, lo studio ESPRESSO-IPMN nasce con l’obiettivo valutare il ruolo dell’esposoma nella storia naturale delle cisti pancreatiche e nel loro potenziale evolutivo. L’endpoint primario di questo studio è lo sviluppo di displasia di alto grado o carcinoma pancreatico all’esame istopatologico definitivo. Materiali e metodi: ESPRESSO-IPMN è un registro multicentrico internazionale retrospettivo con raccolta prospettica dei dati di follow-up. Sono stati inclusi pazienti adulti con diagnosi radiologica e/o istopatologica di cisti pancreatica e con almeno due eventi osservazionali disponibili. All’osservazione iniziale e a tutte le successive visite di follow-up, sono stati raccolti dati relativi all’esposoma del paziente, alle caratteristiche cliniche, laboratoristiche e radiologiche delle lesioni nonché agli esiti dell’esame anatomopatologico. Questo elaborato di tesi si propone di presentare un’analisi ad interim utilizzando i dati attualmente disponibili con una revisione descrittiva dei medesimi. Risultati: Al momento dell’analisi erano stati arruolati 1.600 pazienti, di cui 435 sottoposti a resezione chirurgica e 1.165 seguiti in sorveglianza. La durata mediana del follow-up è risultata pari a 3 anni (IQR1,5-5,9) e sono stati sottoposti ad una media di 2 rivalutazioni (IQR 1-4) oltre alla prima visita. Le BD-IPMNs hanno rappresentato la maggioranza delle lesioni cistiche (73,1% del totale). Durante la sorveglianza, il reperto più frequente è stato l’aumento dimensionale della cisti, osservato nel 36,9% dei pazienti. Tra le IPMN resecate il 54,6% era del sottotipo gastrico, 21,6% intestinale, 21,9% pancreatobiliare e 1,9% oncocitico; nel 35,8% dei casi è stata riscontrata una displasia di basso grado, nel 33,3% una displasia di alto grado e nel 30,8% una componente invasiva associata all’IPMN Conclusioni: i risultati preliminari mostrano una casistica in generale coerente con quanto presente in letteratura, sia per quanto concerne i pazienti sottoposti a follow-up, sia per quanto concerne i pazienti sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico. Coerentemente con la letteratura, è emerso come i parametri attuali non consentano una corretta identificazione del timing chirurgico, ancora troppo precoce o troppo tardivo in circa il 30% dei pazienti. Tale dato evidenzia la necessità di identificare ulteriori strumenti, sia diagnostici che prognostici, che possano consentire una migliore identificazione del rischio di degenerazione delle cisti pancreatiche. L’analisi definitiva dei dati dello studio ESPRESSO-IPMN consentirà, per quanto riguarda questo aspetto, di valutare se e come l’esposoma del singolo paziente possa avere un ruolo nella possibile degenerazione delle neoformazioni cistiche pancreatiche, con l’obiettivo di arrivare, in seguito, al corretto inquadramento dei pazienti e all’ottimizzazione del timing di un eventuale intervento chirurgico.
ESPRESSO IPMN (ExpoSome and PRogrESSiOn in IPMN): Esposoma e morfologia dinamica della progressione delle IPMN nei pazienti sottoposti a osservazione e chirurgia. Un registro multicentrico internazionale.
ECCHER, GIOVANNI
2025/2026
Abstract
Background and Aims: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are the most common type of pancreatic cystic lesion and represent one of the main precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Identifying patients at higher risk of progression to invasive carcinoma through long-term surveillance programs remains a major clinical challenge. In this context, the ESPRESSO-IPMN study was designed to investigate the role of the exposome in the natural history of pancreatic cysts and their malignant potential. The primary endpoint of the study is the development of high-grade dysplasia or pancreatic carcinoma on definitive histopathological examination. Materials and Methods: ESPRESSO-IPMN is an international multicenter retrospective registry with prospective collection of follow-up data. Adult patients with a radiological and/or histopathological diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions and at least two available observational time points were included. At baseline and during all subsequent follow-up visits, data regarding patient exposome, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of the lesions, as well as histopathological outcomes, were collected. This thesis presents an interim analysis based on the currently available data, providing a descriptive review of the study population. Results: At the time of analysis, 1,600 patients had been enrolled, including 435 who underwent surgical resection and 1,165 managed with surveillance. Median follow-up duration was 3 years (IQR 1.5–5.9), with a median of 2 reassessments (IQR 1–4) in addition to the baseline evaluation. Branch-duct IPMNs (BD-IPMNs) represented the majority of cystic lesions (73.1% of cases). During surveillance, the most frequent finding was cyst growth, observed in 36.9% of patients. Among resected IPMNs, 54.6% were of the gastric subtype, 21.6% intestinal, 21.9% pancreatobiliary, and 1.9% oncocytic. Histopathological examination revealed low-grade dysplasia in 35.8% of cases, high-grade dysplasia in 33.3%, and an invasive component associated with IPMN in 30.8%. Conclusions: Preliminary results show a patient cohort largely consistent with data reported in the literature, both among patients undergoing surveillance and those treated surgically. Consistently with existing evidence, our findings highlight that current risk stratification parameters do not allow optimal identification of surgical timing, resulting in surgery being performed either too early or too late in approximately 30% of patients. These results underscore the need for additional diagnostic and prognostic tools capable of improving risk assessment for malignant progression of pancreatic cystic lesions. The final analysis of the ESPRESSO-IPMN study will help clarify whether and how individual exposome factors contribute to the progression of pancreatic cystic neoplasms, with the ultimate goal of improving patient stratification and optimizing the timing of surgical intervention.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109138