Background: IPMNs are pancreatic cystic lesions with variable malignant potential. Risk stratification relies on clinical and radiological criteria, grouped into worrisome features and high risk stigmata, whose sensitivity is nonetheless limited, while histological subtype, although an important determinant of risk, is often not available preoperatively. The role of the exposome, including environmental, familial, clinical, and pharmacological exposures, remains poorly investigated in this setting. Aim of the study: To assess the association between exposome variables, IPMN histotype, and malignancy. Materials and methods: ESPRESSO MACCHIATO is a multicentric international registry of patients undergoing IPMN resection. Environmental, familial, clinical, and pharmacological exposures were correlated with dysplasia grade, invasive cancer, and histological subtype using logistic regression. Results: Among 250 patients, median age 67 years, 53.2% male, high grade dysplasia or invasive cancer (malignancy) occurred in 67.6%. Histotypes were gastric 50.0%, intestinal 20.4%, pancreatobiliary 22.0%, oncocytic 2.0%. Intestinal and pancreatobiliary subtypes were associated with malignancy (OR 2.91, p=0.010, and OR 10.93, p<0.0001 respectively). Wirsung duct >6 mm (OR 2.26, p=0.0078), and solid component (OR 2.66, p=0.0195), were also associated with malignancy, while hypertension showed a protective association (OR 0.50, p=0.0138). Distinct exposome and cyst features were associated with distinct histotypes: Smoking was independently associated with the gastric subtype (OR 2.20, p=0.0131). The intestinal subtype was independently associated with Wirsung duct>9 mm (OR 3.57, p=0.0010), mural nodules (OR 2.51, p=0.0177), alcohol consumption >3 units/day (OR 7.69, p=0.0434) and previous acute pancreatitis (OR 2.12, p=0.05). Only Ca19.9 >104 U/mL showed association with the pancreatobiliary subtype (OR 2.48, p=0.05). BMI, family history of PDAC, prior cancer, hypercholesterolemia, aspirin use, age, and sex were not associated with outcomes. Conclusions: Distinct exposome and cyst-related features are associated with distinct IPMN histotypes and their malignant potential, supporting improved risk stratification and personalized management.
Background: Le IPMN sono lesioni cistiche del pancreas a potenziale maligno variabile. La stratificazione del rischio si basa su criteri clinici e radiologici, riuniti nelle worrisome features e high risk stigmata, la cui sensibilità è tuttavia limitata, mentre il sottotipo istologico, pur essendo un determinante importante del rischio, non è solitamente disponibile prima dell'intervento. Il ruolo dell'esposoma, ovvero dell'insieme delle esposizioni ambientali, familiari, cliniche e farmacologiche, è a oggi poco studiato in questo contesto. Scopo dello studio: Valutare l'associazione tra le variabili dell'esposoma, l'istotipo di IPMN e la malignità. Materiali e metodi: ESPRESSO MACCHIATO è un registro multicentrico internazionale di pazienti sottoposti a resezione di IPMN. Le esposizioni ambientali, familiari, cliniche e farmacologiche sono state correlate al grado di displasia, al carcinoma invasivo e al sottotipo istologico mediante regressione logistica. Risultati: Su 250 pazienti (età mediana 67 anni; 53,2% di sesso maschile), displasia di alto grado o carcinoma invasivo (malignità) erano presenti nel 67,6% dei casi. La distribuzione degli istotipi era: gastrico 50,0%, intestinale 20,4%, pancreatobiliare 22,0%, oncocitico 2,0%. I sottotipi intestinale e pancreatobiliare sono risultati associati alla malignità (rispettivamente OR 2,91, p=0,010 e OR 10,93, p<0,0001). Anche la dilatazione del dotto di Wirsung >6 mm (OR 2,26, p=0,0078) e la presenza di componente solida (OR 2,66, p=0,0195) sono risultate associate alla malignità, mentre l'ipertensione arteriosa ha mostrato un'associazione protettiva (OR 0,50, p=0,0138). Caratteristiche distinte dell'esposoma e della cisti si associavano a istotipi distinti: il fumo era associato in modo indipendente al sottotipo gastrico (OR 2,20, p=0,0131); il sottotipo intestinale era associato in modo indipendente a dilatazione del dotto di Wirsung >9 mm (OR 3,57, p=0,0010), noduli murali (OR 2,51, p=0,0177), consumo di alcol >3 unità/die (OR 7,69, p=0,0434) e pregressa pancreatite acuta (OR 2,12, p=0,05); solo il CA 19-9 >104 U/mL mostrava un'associazione con il sottotipo pancreatobiliare (OR 2,48, p=0,05). BMI, storia familiare di PDAC, pregressa neoplasia, ipercolesterolemia, uso di aspirina, età e sesso non sono risultati associati agli outcome. Conclusioni: Caratteristiche distinte dell'esposoma e della lesione cistica si associano a istotipi distinti di IPMN e al loro potenziale di malignità, a sostegno di una migliore stratificazione del rischio e di una gestione personalizzata.
Esposoma, istotipi e rischio di malignità delle IPMNs nei pazienti sottoposti a intervento chirurgico: risultati preliminari dello studio multicentrico ESPRESSO
WALTER, SIMON
2025/2026
Abstract
Background: IPMNs are pancreatic cystic lesions with variable malignant potential. Risk stratification relies on clinical and radiological criteria, grouped into worrisome features and high risk stigmata, whose sensitivity is nonetheless limited, while histological subtype, although an important determinant of risk, is often not available preoperatively. The role of the exposome, including environmental, familial, clinical, and pharmacological exposures, remains poorly investigated in this setting. Aim of the study: To assess the association between exposome variables, IPMN histotype, and malignancy. Materials and methods: ESPRESSO MACCHIATO is a multicentric international registry of patients undergoing IPMN resection. Environmental, familial, clinical, and pharmacological exposures were correlated with dysplasia grade, invasive cancer, and histological subtype using logistic regression. Results: Among 250 patients, median age 67 years, 53.2% male, high grade dysplasia or invasive cancer (malignancy) occurred in 67.6%. Histotypes were gastric 50.0%, intestinal 20.4%, pancreatobiliary 22.0%, oncocytic 2.0%. Intestinal and pancreatobiliary subtypes were associated with malignancy (OR 2.91, p=0.010, and OR 10.93, p<0.0001 respectively). Wirsung duct >6 mm (OR 2.26, p=0.0078), and solid component (OR 2.66, p=0.0195), were also associated with malignancy, while hypertension showed a protective association (OR 0.50, p=0.0138). Distinct exposome and cyst features were associated with distinct histotypes: Smoking was independently associated with the gastric subtype (OR 2.20, p=0.0131). The intestinal subtype was independently associated with Wirsung duct>9 mm (OR 3.57, p=0.0010), mural nodules (OR 2.51, p=0.0177), alcohol consumption >3 units/day (OR 7.69, p=0.0434) and previous acute pancreatitis (OR 2.12, p=0.05). Only Ca19.9 >104 U/mL showed association with the pancreatobiliary subtype (OR 2.48, p=0.05). BMI, family history of PDAC, prior cancer, hypercholesterolemia, aspirin use, age, and sex were not associated with outcomes. Conclusions: Distinct exposome and cyst-related features are associated with distinct IPMN histotypes and their malignant potential, supporting improved risk stratification and personalized management.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109141