Background and aims: The proportion of older patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is growing due to population aging and improved disease survival. Therapeutic management of this population is challenging because of the high burden of comorbidities, polypharmacy, and the potentially increased risk of treatment-related adverse events. This study aimed to describe and compare therapy strategies in patients aged ≥65 years with IBD, distinguishing between elderly-onset and non-elderly-onset disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the Gastroenterology Unit of Padua University Hospital. Patients were classified into three groups: young (diagnosed <65 years and age 18-64 years), non-elderly-onset (diagnosed <65 years and age ≥65 years), and elderly-onset (diagnosed ≥65 years). The two elderly groups were matched for age and sex. Demographic, clinical, therapeutic, comorbidity, and cancer history data were collected. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test and continuous variables using Student's t-test, in pairwise comparisons between non-elderly-onset and elderly-onset and between young and the pooled elderly cohort. Cancer risk was assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for follow-up duration and exposure to immunosuppressants and advanced therapies. Results: A total of 210 patients were included: 100 young, 55 non-elderly-onset, and 55 elderly-onset. Significant differences in therapeutic strategies were observed. Young patients had greater prior exposure to anti-TNF agents than elderly patients (50.00% vs 34.55%; p=0.023), mainly adalimumab (30.00% vs 16.36%; p=0.019). They also showed higher prior exposure to immunosuppressants (46.00% vs 18.18%; p<0.001), particularly azathioprine (40.00% vs 12.73%; p<0.001) and methotrexate (9.00% vs 2.73%; p=0.050). At data collection, ongoing anti-TNF therapy remained more common in young patients (37.00% vs 13.64%; p<0.001), with higher use of infliximab (22.00% vs 6.36%; p=0.001) and adalimumab (15.00% vs 6.36%; p=0.041). Exposure to vedolizumab and ustekinumab did not differ between age groups, whereas upadacitinib was more frequently prescribed in young patients (6.00% vs 0.91%; p=0.040). Conversely, elderly patients were more frequently treated with oral 5-ASA (72.73% vs 59.00%; p=0.036). Among elderly patients, the non-elderly-onset group had greater prior exposure to immunosuppressants (29.09% vs 7.27%; p=0.003), particularly azathioprine (23.64% vs 1.82%; p=0.001), and received a higher mean number of concomitant medications (5.04±2.87 vs 3.85±2.46; p=0.011). Prior exposure to advanced therapies was comparable between groups, except for vedolizumab, which was more frequently used in elderly-onset patients (29.09% vs 12.73%; p=0.035). Malignancies were more common in elderly than young patients (28.18% vs 8.00%; p<0.001), with higher rates of melanoma (6.36% vs 1.00%; p=0.043) and urothelial cancer (4.55% vs 0.00%; p=0.031). On multivariate analysis, age was the only independent predictor of a history of malignancy (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.16–3.13). Among elderly patients, a history of malignancy was observed in 36.36% of non-elderly-onset patients and 20.00% of elderly-onset patients (p=0.056), while prostate cancer was more frequent in the non-elderly-onset group (7.27% vs 0.00%; p=0.042). Conclusions: Older patients with IBD exhibit a distinct therapeutic profile, characterized by lower use of anti-TNF agents and JAK inhibitors. The comparable use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab across age groups is consistent with their favorable safety profile. Non-elderly-onset patients show greater exposure to traditional immunosuppressants. The overall burden of malignancy is significantly higher in elderly patients and numerically greater in the non-elderly-onset group, highlighting the need for tailored therapeutic strategies and careful safety monitoring in this population.
Introduzione e obiettivi: La percentuale di pazienti anziani affetti da Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali (IBD) è in crescita per l’invecchiamento della popolazione e l’aumento della sopravvivenza correlata alla malattia. La gestione terapeutica di questa popolazione rappresenta una sfida per l’elevato carico di comorbidità, polifarmacoterapia e il potenziale aumento degli eventi avversi correlati al trattamento. Obiettivo dello studio è descrivere e confrontare le strategie terapeutiche nei pazienti over-65 con IBD, distinguendo tra esordio anziano e giovanile di malattia. Metodi: Studio retrospettivo di coorte condotto presso l’Unità di Gastroenterologia dell’Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova. I pazienti sono stati suddivisi in tre gruppi: young (diagnosi <65 anni ed età 18-64 anni), non elderly-onset (diagnosi <65 anni ed età ≥65 anni) ed elderly-onset (diagnosi ≥65 anni). I due gruppi elderly sono stati appaiati per sesso ed età. Sono stati raccolti dati demografici, clinici, terapeutici, sulle comorbidità e l’anamnesi oncologica. Le variabili categoriche sono state confrontate mediante test Chi-quadrato e quelle continue mediante t-test di Student, in un duplice confronto tra non elderly-onset e elderly onset e tra young e coorte totale degli elderly. Il rischio oncologico è stato valutato mediante regressione logistica univariata e multivariata, considerando durata del follow-up ed esposizione a immunosoppressori e terapie avanzate. Risultati: Sono stati inclusi 210 pazienti: 100 young, 55 non elderly-onset e 55 elderly-onset. I pazienti young presentavano una maggiore esposizione pregressa ad anti-TNF rispetto agli elderly (50.00% vs 34.55%; p=0.023), principalmente adalimumab (30.00% vs 16.36%; p=0.019), e ad immunosoppressori (46.00% vs 18.18%; p<0.001), in particolare azatioprina (40.00% vs 12.73%; p<0.001) e metotrexato (9.00% vs 2.73%; p=0.050). Al momento della raccolta dati, la terapia con anti-TNF era più frequente negli young (37.00% vs 13.64%; p<0.001), con maggiore impiego di infliximab (22.00% vs 6.36%; p=0.001) e adalimumab (15.00% vs 6.36%; p=0.041). L’esposizione a vedolizumab e ustekinumab non differiva tra i gruppi, mentre upadacitinib era più prescritto nei pazienti young (6.00% vs 0.91%; p=0.040). I pazienti elderly assumevano più frequentemente 5-ASA orali (72.73% vs 59.00%; p=0.036). Tra gli elderly, i non elderly-onset presentavano una maggiore esposizione pregressa agli immunosoppressori (29.09% vs 7.27%; p=0.003), soprattutto azatioprina (23.64% vs 1.82%; p=0.001), e assumevano un numero medio superiore di farmaci (5.04±2.87 vs 3.85±2.46; p=0.011). L’esposizione pregressa alle terapie avanzate era sovrapponibile, eccetto vedolizumab, più utilizzato negli elderly-onset (29.09% vs 12.73%; p=0.035). Le neoplasie erano più frequenti nei pazienti elderly che negli young (28.18% vs 8.00%; p<0.001), con tassi superiori di melanoma (6.36% vs 1.00%; p=0.043) e neoplasie uroteliali (4.55% vs 0.00%; p=0.031). All'analisi multivariata, l’età rappresentava l’unico predittore indipendente di storia oncologica (OR 1.90, 95%CI 1.16-3.13). Tra gli elderly, una storia di neoplasia era presente nel 36.36% dei non elderly-onset e nel 20.00% degli elderly-onset (p=0.056); il carcinoma prostatico risultava più frequente nei non elderly-onset (7.27% vs 0.00%; p=0.042). Conclusioni: I pazienti elderly con IBD presentano un distinto profilo terapeutico, caratterizzato da un minore utilizzo di anti-TNF e JAK inibitori. L’impiego sovrapponibile di vedolizumab e ustekinumab è coerente con il loro favorevole profilo di sicurezza. I pazienti non elderly-onset mostrano una maggiore esposizione agli immunosoppressori tradizionali. Il burden oncologico è significativamente più elevato negli elderly e numericamente superiore nei non elderly-onset, sottolineando la necessità di strategie terapeutiche personalizzate e di un attento monitoraggio della sicurezza.
Caratteristiche cliniche e strategie terapeutiche delle IBD nei pazienti over-65: studio retrospettivo monocentrico
FASSETTA, TERESA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background and aims: The proportion of older patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is growing due to population aging and improved disease survival. Therapeutic management of this population is challenging because of the high burden of comorbidities, polypharmacy, and the potentially increased risk of treatment-related adverse events. This study aimed to describe and compare therapy strategies in patients aged ≥65 years with IBD, distinguishing between elderly-onset and non-elderly-onset disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the Gastroenterology Unit of Padua University Hospital. Patients were classified into three groups: young (diagnosed <65 years and age 18-64 years), non-elderly-onset (diagnosed <65 years and age ≥65 years), and elderly-onset (diagnosed ≥65 years). The two elderly groups were matched for age and sex. Demographic, clinical, therapeutic, comorbidity, and cancer history data were collected. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test and continuous variables using Student's t-test, in pairwise comparisons between non-elderly-onset and elderly-onset and between young and the pooled elderly cohort. Cancer risk was assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for follow-up duration and exposure to immunosuppressants and advanced therapies. Results: A total of 210 patients were included: 100 young, 55 non-elderly-onset, and 55 elderly-onset. Significant differences in therapeutic strategies were observed. Young patients had greater prior exposure to anti-TNF agents than elderly patients (50.00% vs 34.55%; p=0.023), mainly adalimumab (30.00% vs 16.36%; p=0.019). They also showed higher prior exposure to immunosuppressants (46.00% vs 18.18%; p<0.001), particularly azathioprine (40.00% vs 12.73%; p<0.001) and methotrexate (9.00% vs 2.73%; p=0.050). At data collection, ongoing anti-TNF therapy remained more common in young patients (37.00% vs 13.64%; p<0.001), with higher use of infliximab (22.00% vs 6.36%; p=0.001) and adalimumab (15.00% vs 6.36%; p=0.041). Exposure to vedolizumab and ustekinumab did not differ between age groups, whereas upadacitinib was more frequently prescribed in young patients (6.00% vs 0.91%; p=0.040). Conversely, elderly patients were more frequently treated with oral 5-ASA (72.73% vs 59.00%; p=0.036). Among elderly patients, the non-elderly-onset group had greater prior exposure to immunosuppressants (29.09% vs 7.27%; p=0.003), particularly azathioprine (23.64% vs 1.82%; p=0.001), and received a higher mean number of concomitant medications (5.04±2.87 vs 3.85±2.46; p=0.011). Prior exposure to advanced therapies was comparable between groups, except for vedolizumab, which was more frequently used in elderly-onset patients (29.09% vs 12.73%; p=0.035). Malignancies were more common in elderly than young patients (28.18% vs 8.00%; p<0.001), with higher rates of melanoma (6.36% vs 1.00%; p=0.043) and urothelial cancer (4.55% vs 0.00%; p=0.031). On multivariate analysis, age was the only independent predictor of a history of malignancy (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.16–3.13). Among elderly patients, a history of malignancy was observed in 36.36% of non-elderly-onset patients and 20.00% of elderly-onset patients (p=0.056), while prostate cancer was more frequent in the non-elderly-onset group (7.27% vs 0.00%; p=0.042). Conclusions: Older patients with IBD exhibit a distinct therapeutic profile, characterized by lower use of anti-TNF agents and JAK inhibitors. The comparable use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab across age groups is consistent with their favorable safety profile. Non-elderly-onset patients show greater exposure to traditional immunosuppressants. The overall burden of malignancy is significantly higher in elderly patients and numerically greater in the non-elderly-onset group, highlighting the need for tailored therapeutic strategies and careful safety monitoring in this population.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109171