Background: The lung is the most common site of metastasis for colorectal adenocarcinoma, after the liver. To date, patients with oligometastases are eligible for curative locoregional therapies. In selected patients, video-assisted thoracoscopic or open lung surgery is the treatment of choice and should follow the principle of preserving as much lung parenchyma as possible. In recent years, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a treatment option, particularly for patients at high surgical risk. At present, a direct comparison between the two strategies remains a matter of debate due to the limited number of published studies and the heterogeneity of the patient populations included. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to compare oncological efficacy, local control and survival between pulmonary metastasectomy and stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT). In particular, we compared local recurrence-free survival and overall survival. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with lung metastases from CCR who underwent surgery at the Thoracic Surgery Unit of the Padua Hospital Trust between January 2010 and May 2024, or SBRT at the Radiotherapy Unit of the Veneto Oncology Institute between December 2014 and May 2025. The variables analysed relate to patient characteristics and parameters specific to the individual treatment. For univariate analyses, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was applied for numerical variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. To study OS and LRFS, the two cohorts were balanced using energy balancing. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. OS was assessed at the individual patient level using the Cox proportional hazards model. Local control was analysed using Cox regression, considering the individual treatment. The weighted Fine-Gray subdistribution model was also applied to exclude competing risks. The level of significance (p) was set at less than 0.05. Results and discussion: Overall survival, following balancing, shows that the two treatments are comparable. This may be explained either by a small sample size, particularly in the SBRT group, or by the fact that local treatment has little impact on OS. The hazard ratio stands at 1.544, although the 95% CI is [0.726; 3.286] and p-value = 0.259. In contrast, the assessment of LRFS using the Cox model shows that patients treated with SBRT have a three-fold higher risk of recurrence than those who underwent surgery (HR 3.061; 95% CI: [1.946; 5.694]; p-value < 0.001). However, this model does not account for the competing risk of death, which was highlighted in the cumulative incidence plot; applying the weighted Fine-Gray subdistribution model, the higher risk of recurrence for radiotherapy-treated patients remains statistically significant (sHR 3.367; 95% CI: [1.827; 6.205]; p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Overall survival (OS) appears comparable, but this finding should be confirmed by subsequent studies, preferably multicentre ones. Long-term recurrence-free survival (LRFS) showed a threefold higher risk of recurrence for SBRT patients compared with those who underwent surgery. This finding is confirmed even after excluding the competitive risk associated with the patient’s death before recurrence occurs.
Presupposti: Il polmone è il sito di metastatizzazione più frequente per l’adenocarcinoma colorettale, dopo il fegato. Ad oggi, i pazienti oligometastatici, sono candidabili a terapie locoregionali a intento curativo. In pazienti selezionati, la chirurgia polmonare videotoracoscopica o open è l’approccio terapeutico di scelta e deve seguire il principio del risparmio della massima quantità di parenchima polmonare possibile. Negli ultimi anni, la radioterapia stereotassica (SBRT) è diventata un’ opzione terapeutica, soprattutto per i pazienti con rischio chirurgico elevato. Attualmente il confronto diretto tra le due strategie resta in discussione a causa del limitato numero di pubblicazioni e dell’eterogeneità delle popolazioni prese in considerazione. Scopo dello studio: Lo scopo di questo studio è confrontare l’efficacia oncologica, il controllo locale e la sopravvivenza tra metastasectomia polmonare rispetto alla radioterapia stereotassica (SBRT). In particolare abbiamo confrontato la sopravvivenza libera da recidiva locale e l’overall survival. Materiali e metodi: Abbiamo condotto un’analisi retrospettiva prendendo in considerazione i pazienti con metastasi polmonari da CCR sottoposti a intervento chirurgico presso l’U.O.C. di Chirurgia Toracica dell’Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova da Gennaio 2010 e Maggio 2024 o SBRT presso l’ U.O.C. di Radioterapia dell’Istituto Oncologico Veneto da dicembre 2014 a maggio 2025. Le variabili analizzate riguardano le caratteristiche dei pazienti e parametri facenti parte del singolo intervento. Per le analisi univariate si è applicato il Wilcoxon rank sum test per le variabili numeriche e il test del Chi-quadro per le categoriche. Per studiare L’OS e la LRFS le due popolazioni sono state bilanciate tramite l’Energy Balancing. Le curve di sopravvivenza sono state ottenute tramite metodo di Kaplan-Meier. L’OS è stato valutato considerando i singoli pazienti mediante modello dei rischi proporzionali di Cox. Il controllo locale è stato studiato mediante Cox regression, considerando il singolo intervento. È stato inoltre applicato il modello di Fine-Gray subdistribution pesato per escludere i rischi competitivi. Il livello di significatività (p) è stato posto come minore di 0,05. Risultati e discussione: La sopravvivenza globale, a seguito del bilanciamento, dimostra che i due trattamenti risultano essere sovrapponibili. Questo può essere spiegato o da una numerosità ridotta del campione, soprattutto nel SBRT, o dal fatto che il trattamento locale incide poco sull’ OS. L’Hazard Ratio si attesta a 1.544, tuttavia CI 95% [0.726; 3.286] e p-value= 0.259. Al contrario la valutazione della LRFS, tramite modello di Cox, dimostra che i pazienti sottoposti a SBRT presentano un rischio di recidiva di tre volte superiore rispetto ai pazienti operati ( HR 3.061; CI 95%: [1.946; 5.694]; p-value< 0.001). Tuttavia, questo modello non considera il rischio competitivo di decesso, che è stato evidenziato nel grafico dell’incidenza cumulativa, applicando il modello di Fine-Gray subdistribution pesato, si ottiene che il rischio di recidiva maggiore per i pazienti radio-trattati rimane statisticamente significativo ( sHR 3.367; CI 95%: [1.827; 6.205]; p-value< 0.001). Conclusioni: L’OS risulta sovrapponibile, ma questo risultato dovrebbe essere confermato da successivi studi, possibilmente multicentrici. L’LRFS ha dimostrato un rischio di tre volte maggiore di recidiva per i pazienti SBRT rispetto ai pazienti operati. Dato che si conferma anche dopo l’esclusione del rischio competitivo dettato dal decesso del paziente prima che questo abbia una recidiva.
Confronto tra chirurgia e radioterapia stereotassica come trattamento delle metastasi polmonari da carcinoma colorettale
MANEO, NICHOLAS
2025/2026
Abstract
Background: The lung is the most common site of metastasis for colorectal adenocarcinoma, after the liver. To date, patients with oligometastases are eligible for curative locoregional therapies. In selected patients, video-assisted thoracoscopic or open lung surgery is the treatment of choice and should follow the principle of preserving as much lung parenchyma as possible. In recent years, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a treatment option, particularly for patients at high surgical risk. At present, a direct comparison between the two strategies remains a matter of debate due to the limited number of published studies and the heterogeneity of the patient populations included. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to compare oncological efficacy, local control and survival between pulmonary metastasectomy and stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT). In particular, we compared local recurrence-free survival and overall survival. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with lung metastases from CCR who underwent surgery at the Thoracic Surgery Unit of the Padua Hospital Trust between January 2010 and May 2024, or SBRT at the Radiotherapy Unit of the Veneto Oncology Institute between December 2014 and May 2025. The variables analysed relate to patient characteristics and parameters specific to the individual treatment. For univariate analyses, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was applied for numerical variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. To study OS and LRFS, the two cohorts were balanced using energy balancing. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. OS was assessed at the individual patient level using the Cox proportional hazards model. Local control was analysed using Cox regression, considering the individual treatment. The weighted Fine-Gray subdistribution model was also applied to exclude competing risks. The level of significance (p) was set at less than 0.05. Results and discussion: Overall survival, following balancing, shows that the two treatments are comparable. This may be explained either by a small sample size, particularly in the SBRT group, or by the fact that local treatment has little impact on OS. The hazard ratio stands at 1.544, although the 95% CI is [0.726; 3.286] and p-value = 0.259. In contrast, the assessment of LRFS using the Cox model shows that patients treated with SBRT have a three-fold higher risk of recurrence than those who underwent surgery (HR 3.061; 95% CI: [1.946; 5.694]; p-value < 0.001). However, this model does not account for the competing risk of death, which was highlighted in the cumulative incidence plot; applying the weighted Fine-Gray subdistribution model, the higher risk of recurrence for radiotherapy-treated patients remains statistically significant (sHR 3.367; 95% CI: [1.827; 6.205]; p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Overall survival (OS) appears comparable, but this finding should be confirmed by subsequent studies, preferably multicentre ones. Long-term recurrence-free survival (LRFS) showed a threefold higher risk of recurrence for SBRT patients compared with those who underwent surgery. This finding is confirmed even after excluding the competitive risk associated with the patient’s death before recurrence occurs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109359