Background: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) represents the most frequent structural spinal deformity during development. Multifactorial etiopathogenesis and the progressive nature of the condition make epidemiological and clinical-evolutionary analysis in real-world settings essential, in order to improve the early identification of individuals at risk of progression and to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic-therapeutic pathways. Objective of the study: This retrospective observational study aims to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary profile of a cohort of patients with AIS treated at the University Hospital of Padua. Primarily, the investigation aims to outline the phenotypic and anthropometric profile of the subjects at the time of recruitment. Secondarily, the study aims to analyze the progression of the scoliotic curve following the different conservative treatments implemented. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on a cohort of 776 patients diagnosed with AIS, managed between 2008 and 2022 at the Scoliosis Specialized Center of the University Hospital of Padua. Data were extracted in an anonymized and extracted using a standardized form from medical records, investigating medical history and epidemiological variables. Finally, the outcomes associated with the different therapeutic approaches prescribed during follow-up were analyzed. Results: The cohort is characterized by a clear preponderance of the female patients (77.8% of the total) and a mean age at the first visit of 12.0 ± 3.0 years. The annual volume of first visits recorded an increase of 285.7% between 2008 and 2019, followed by a significant contraction during the 2020-2021 pandemic period; the primary referral channel for specialist evaluation was found to be the family Pediatrician or General Practitioner, alongside the patients’ families. The characterization of the deformity highlighted that most subjects presented a combination characterized by a primary curve, most frequently located in the lumbar region, and a secondary curve, most frequently located in the thoracic region. At first access, over 50% showed marked skeletal immaturity; however, a significant proportion had already reached advanced maturity. Regarding gender, the degree of severity was significantly higher in female subjects. Concerning the sagittal profile analysis, most of the analyzed sample presented kyphosis and lordosis within normal limits. The radiographic progression analysis showed substantial stability of the clinical picture in 55.4% of cases and an improvement in 20.0%, compared to a worsening recorded in 24.5% of patients, with no statistically significant asymmetries between males and females. Conclusions: From an epidemiological and morphological standpoint, the evidence widely documented in the international literature is largely confirmed, albeit with some local peculiarities: the female prevalence and the distribution of severity are consistent, whereas the most frequent localization of the curve differs; furthermore, contrary to what is reported in the literature, the physiological curves on the sagittal plane in our sample were within a normal range. The study also supports the validity of the diagnostic-therapeutic pathway adopted at the center, based on early identification, structured specialist follow-up, and personalized treatment. Despite the therapeutic successes, the finding that a proportion of patients were referred into care at an advanced stage of skeletal maturity highlights the future need to optimize communication channels with local primary care providers and to increase public awareness.
Background: La Scoliosi Idiopatica Adolescenziale (AIS) rappresenta la più frequente deformità strutturale del rachide in età evolutiva. L’eziopatogenesi multifattoriale e la natura progressiva della condizione rendono fondamentale l’analisi epidemiologica e clinico-evolutiva in contesti real-world, al fine di migliorare l’identificazione precoce dei soggetti a rischio di progressione e valutare l’efficacia dei percorsi diagnostico-terapeutici. Scopo dello studio: Il presente studio osservazionale retrospettivo si propone di caratterizzare il profilo epidemiologico, clinico ed evolutivo di una coorte di pazienti affetti da AIS in carico presso l’Azienda Ospedaliera - Università di Padova. In primo luogo, l’indagine mira a delineare il profilo fenotipico e antropometrico dei soggetti al momento del reclutamento. Secondariamente, lo studio si prefigge di analizzare l’evoluzione della curva scoliotica a seguito dei differenti trattamenti conservativi intrapresi. Materiali e metodi: È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo su una coorte di 776 pazienti con diagnosi di AIS, presi in carico tra il 2008 e il 2022 presso il Centro Specialistico Scoliosi dell'Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova. I dati sono stati estratti in forma anonimizzata e standardizzata dalle cartelle cliniche, indagando variabili anamnestiche ed epidemiologiche. Sono stati infine analizzati gli outcome associati ai diversi approcci terapeutici prescritti durante il follow-up. Risultati: La coorte è caratterizzata da una netta preponderanza del sesso femminile (77,8% del totale) e un’età media alla prima visita di 12,0 ± 3,0 anni. Il volume annuale delle prime visite ha registrato un incremento del 285,7% tra il 2008 e il 2019, seguito da una contrazione importante nel biennio pandemico 2020-2021 e il canale di invio preferenziale alla valutazione specialistica è risultato essere il Pediatra di libera scelta o il Medico di Medicina Generale e il nucleo familiare. La caratterizzazione della deformità ha evidenziato come la maggior parte dei soggetti presentasse una combinazione caratterizzata da una curva principale con sede più frequente lombare e una curva secondaria con sede più frequente toracica. Al primo accesso oltre il 50% evidenziava marcata immaturità scheletrica; tuttavia, una quota significativa è giunta a maturità avanzata. Dal punto di vista del genere, il grado di severità è risultato significativamente più elevato nei soggetti di sesso femminile. Per quanto riguarda l'analisi del profilo sul piano sagittale la maggior parte del campione analizzato presentava cifosi e lordosi nei limiti di norma. L’analisi evolutiva radiografica ha mostrato una sostanziale stabilità del quadro clinico nel 55,4% dei casi e un miglioramento nel 20,0%, a fronte di un peggioramento registrato nel 24,5% dei pazienti, senza asimmetrie statisticamente significative tra maschi e femmine. Conclusioni: Dal punto di vista epidemiologico e morfologico si confermano in gran parte le evidenze ampiamente documentate dalla letteratura internazionale con alcune peculiarità locali: concordano la prevalenza femminile e la distribuzione della gravità, mentre la localizzazione più frequente della curva risulta differente; inoltre, a differenza di quanto si rileva in letteratura, nel nostro campione le curve fisiologiche sul piano sagittale sono risultate in un range di normalità. Lo studio supporta altresì la validità del percorso diagnostico-terapeutico adottato presso il centro, basato su identificazione precoce, follow-up specialistico strutturato e trattamento personalizzato. Nonostante i successi terapeutici, il riscontro della presa in carico di una quota di pazienti con maturità scheletrica avanzata fa emergere la necessità futura di ottimizzare i canali di comunicazione con la medicina territoriale e implementare la sensibilizzazione della popolazione.
CARATTERIZZAZIONE CLINICA ED EVOLUTIVA DI UNA COORTE DI PAZIENTI CON SCOLIOSI IDIOPATICA ADOLESCENZIALE: STUDIO OSSERVAZIONALE RETROSPETTIVO
SFORZA, RICCARDO
2025/2026
Abstract
Background: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) represents the most frequent structural spinal deformity during development. Multifactorial etiopathogenesis and the progressive nature of the condition make epidemiological and clinical-evolutionary analysis in real-world settings essential, in order to improve the early identification of individuals at risk of progression and to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic-therapeutic pathways. Objective of the study: This retrospective observational study aims to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary profile of a cohort of patients with AIS treated at the University Hospital of Padua. Primarily, the investigation aims to outline the phenotypic and anthropometric profile of the subjects at the time of recruitment. Secondarily, the study aims to analyze the progression of the scoliotic curve following the different conservative treatments implemented. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on a cohort of 776 patients diagnosed with AIS, managed between 2008 and 2022 at the Scoliosis Specialized Center of the University Hospital of Padua. Data were extracted in an anonymized and extracted using a standardized form from medical records, investigating medical history and epidemiological variables. Finally, the outcomes associated with the different therapeutic approaches prescribed during follow-up were analyzed. Results: The cohort is characterized by a clear preponderance of the female patients (77.8% of the total) and a mean age at the first visit of 12.0 ± 3.0 years. The annual volume of first visits recorded an increase of 285.7% between 2008 and 2019, followed by a significant contraction during the 2020-2021 pandemic period; the primary referral channel for specialist evaluation was found to be the family Pediatrician or General Practitioner, alongside the patients’ families. The characterization of the deformity highlighted that most subjects presented a combination characterized by a primary curve, most frequently located in the lumbar region, and a secondary curve, most frequently located in the thoracic region. At first access, over 50% showed marked skeletal immaturity; however, a significant proportion had already reached advanced maturity. Regarding gender, the degree of severity was significantly higher in female subjects. Concerning the sagittal profile analysis, most of the analyzed sample presented kyphosis and lordosis within normal limits. The radiographic progression analysis showed substantial stability of the clinical picture in 55.4% of cases and an improvement in 20.0%, compared to a worsening recorded in 24.5% of patients, with no statistically significant asymmetries between males and females. Conclusions: From an epidemiological and morphological standpoint, the evidence widely documented in the international literature is largely confirmed, albeit with some local peculiarities: the female prevalence and the distribution of severity are consistent, whereas the most frequent localization of the curve differs; furthermore, contrary to what is reported in the literature, the physiological curves on the sagittal plane in our sample were within a normal range. The study also supports the validity of the diagnostic-therapeutic pathway adopted at the center, based on early identification, structured specialist follow-up, and personalized treatment. Despite the therapeutic successes, the finding that a proportion of patients were referred into care at an advanced stage of skeletal maturity highlights the future need to optimize communication channels with local primary care providers and to increase public awareness.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109428