Background: Data on the diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in patients with skin of color are limited. This population is heterogeneous in terms of race and ethnicity and often experiences disparities in diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of biologic therapies and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in adult, adolescent, and pediatric patients with skin of color and moderate-to-severe AD. Materials and Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from 47 adult, adolescent, and pediatric patients aged ≥2 years with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV–VI and/or self-identified as belonging to Caucasian, South Asian, African/African American, Latino/Hispanic, Middle Eastern/Arab, East Asian, or Southeast Asian ethnic groups, who were treated with biologic therapies or JAK inhibitors for moderate-to-severe AD between January 1, 2020, and April 30, 2026, at two Italian dermatology centers (University Hospital of Padua and San Bortolo Hospital in Vicenza). Inclusion criteria required at least one follow-up visit after treatment initiation. Follow-up lasted up to 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a ≥75% reduction in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score (EASI-75) at week 16. Secondary efficacy and safety endpoints included additional Clinician-Reported Outcomes (CROs), Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs), Minimal Disease Activity (MDA), and adverse events (AEs). Results: Mean baseline age was 26.1 ± 13.9 years, and 61.7% of patients were female. Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV, V, and VI were present in 44.7%, 36.2%, and 19.1% of patients, respectively. The study population consisted predominantly of South Asian individuals (31.9%), followed by African/African American (21.3%) and Latino/Hispanic (21.3%) patients. Mean baseline values for EASI, Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS), Sleep Disturbance Numerical Rating Scale (SD-NRS), Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT) and Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) scores were 27.5 ± 3.3, 8.9 ± 1.0, 8.1 ± 1.4, 3.2 ± 0.6, 19.8 ± 3.9, 19.5 ± 2.1, and 23.1 ± 2.4, respectively. At week 16, 46.8%, 27.7%, and 31.9% of patients achieved EASI-75, EASI-90, and IGA 0/1, respectively, while 76.6% and 61.7% reported an improvement of ≥4 points in PP-NRS and SD-NRS scores, respectively. After 32 weeks of treatment, the proportions of patients achieving EASI-75, EASI-90, and IGA 0/1 increased to 75.9%, 51.7%, and 55.2%, respectively. Minimal Disease Activity (MDA), a stringent assessment criterion, was achieved by 27.6% of the cohort. At week 52, 79.3%, 58.6%, and 62.1% of patients achieved EASI-75, EASI-90, and IGA 0/1, respectively; 88.7%, 82.8%, 89.7%, and 93.1% showed clinically meaningful improvements in PP-NRS, SD-NRS, DLQI, ADCT, and POEM scores, respectively, while MDA was achieved by 41.4% of the cohort. A progressive increase and sustained maintenance of clinical response were observed throughout the 52-week follow-up period, with no statistically significant differences between patients treated with biologic therapies and those receiving JAK inhibitors for most clinical outcomes. Overall, the safety profile was favorable, with only mild adverse events and no significant differences between biologics and JAK inhibitors. Adverse events among patients receiving biologics included conjunctivitis and elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, whereas those treated with JAK inhibitors experienced herpes zoster (HZV), upper respiratory tract infections, and hypercholesterolemia. Conclusions: In this real-world study of biologic therapies and JAK inhibitors in patients with skin of color and moderate-to-severe AD, both treatment classes improved disease signs and symptoms, confirming a favorable safety profile.
Background: Mancano dati per la diagnosi e il trattamento nei pazienti skin of color affetti da dermatite atopica (DA), una popolazione eterogenea per origine razziale ed etnica che spesso sperimenta disparità, tra cui diagnosi errate e risultati terapeutici non equi. Obiettivo: Valutare l’efficacia e la sicurezza dei farmaci biologici e inibitori delle Janus chinasi (JAKi) in pazienti adulti, adolescenti e pediatrici skin of color e con DA da moderata a severa. Materiali e metodi: Sono stati raccolti retrospettivamente i dati di 47 pazienti adulti, adolescenti e pediatrici di età ≥2 anni con fototipo cutaneo Fitzpatrick IV–VI e/o autoidentificazione come appartenenti a gruppi etnici non caucasici, inclusi individui Sud Asiatici, Africani, Sud Americani, Mediorientali, Asiatici Occidentali ed Orientali, trattati con farmaci biologici o con JAKi per DA moderata-severa tra il 2020 e il 2026 in due centri dermatologici italiani (Azienda Ospedaliera dell'Università di Padova e Ospedale San Bortolo di Vicenza). Era richiesta almeno una visita di follow-up; l'osservazione è proseguita fino a 52 settimane. L'endpoint primario era rappresentato dalla proporzione di pazienti che raggiungevano una riduzione ≥75% dell'Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), definita come EASI-75, alla settimana 16. Sono stati inoltre valutati endpoint secondari di efficacia e sicurezza, comprendenti ulteriori Clinician-Reported Outcomes, Patient-Reported Outcomes, la Minimal Disease Activity (MDA) e gli eventi avversi (AEs). Risultati: L’età media al basale era di 26.1 ± 13.9 anni e il 61.7% dei pazienti era di sesso femminile. Il 44.7%, il 36.2% e il 19.1% presentavano un fototipo Fitzpatrick IV, V e VI, rispettivamente. La popolazione era prevalentemente costituita da soggetti Indiani/Sud Asiatici (31.9%), seguiti da Afro-Americani (21.3%) e Latino-Americani/Ispanici (21.3%). I valori medi basali di EASI, Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS), Sleep Disturbance Numerical Rating Scale (SD-NRS), Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT) e Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) erano pari a 27.5 ± 3.3, 8.9 ± 1.0, 8.1 ± 1.4, 3.2 ± 0.6, 19.8 ± 3.9, 19.5 ± 2.1 e 23.1 ± 2.4, rispettivamente. Alla settimana 16, il 46.8%, il 27.7% e il 31.9% dei pazienti hanno raggiunto rispettivamente EASI-75, EASI-90 e IGA 0/1, mentre il 76.6% e il 61.7% hanno riportato un miglioramento ≥4 punti del PP-NRS e dello SD-NRS, rispettivamente. Dopo 32 settimane di trattamento, le percentuali di pazienti che hanno raggiunto EASI-75, EASI-90 e IGA 0/1 sono aumentate al 75.9%, 51.7% e 55.2%, rispettivamente; la MDA è stata raggiunta dal 27.6% della coorte. Alla settimana 52, il 79.3%, il 58.6% e il 62.1% dei pazienti hanno raggiunto rispettivamente EASI-75, EASI-90 e IGA 0/1; l'89.7%, l'82.8%, l'89.7%, il 93.1% e l'89.7% hanno ottenuto rispettivamente un miglioramento clinicamente significativo del PP-NRS, dello SD-NRS, del DLQI, dell'ADCT e del POEM, mentre la MDA è stata raggiunta dal 41.4% della coorte. È stato osservato un progressivo incremento e un mantenimento della risposta clinica nel corso delle 52 settimane di follow-up, senza differenze statisticamente significative tra i pazienti trattati con farmaci biologici e quelli trattati con JAKi per la maggior parte degli outcome clinici. Complessivamente, il profilo di sicurezza è stato favorevole, con eventi avversi esclusivamente lievi e coerenti con il profilo di sicurezza noto delle due classi terapeutiche. Conclusione: In questo primo studio real-world su biologici e JAKi in pazienti skin of color e DA da moderata a severa, tali terapie hanno migliorato segni e sintomi della malattia, confermando un profilo di sicurezza favorevole.
Efficacia e sicurezza dei farmaci biologici e degli inibitori di JAK in pazienti adulti, adolescenti e pediatrici con skin of color e dermatite atopica da moderata a severa: risultati di uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo
LUYO SABOYA, RAUL ARMANDO
2025/2026
Abstract
Background: Data on the diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in patients with skin of color are limited. This population is heterogeneous in terms of race and ethnicity and often experiences disparities in diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of biologic therapies and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in adult, adolescent, and pediatric patients with skin of color and moderate-to-severe AD. Materials and Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from 47 adult, adolescent, and pediatric patients aged ≥2 years with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV–VI and/or self-identified as belonging to Caucasian, South Asian, African/African American, Latino/Hispanic, Middle Eastern/Arab, East Asian, or Southeast Asian ethnic groups, who were treated with biologic therapies or JAK inhibitors for moderate-to-severe AD between January 1, 2020, and April 30, 2026, at two Italian dermatology centers (University Hospital of Padua and San Bortolo Hospital in Vicenza). Inclusion criteria required at least one follow-up visit after treatment initiation. Follow-up lasted up to 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a ≥75% reduction in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score (EASI-75) at week 16. Secondary efficacy and safety endpoints included additional Clinician-Reported Outcomes (CROs), Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs), Minimal Disease Activity (MDA), and adverse events (AEs). Results: Mean baseline age was 26.1 ± 13.9 years, and 61.7% of patients were female. Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV, V, and VI were present in 44.7%, 36.2%, and 19.1% of patients, respectively. The study population consisted predominantly of South Asian individuals (31.9%), followed by African/African American (21.3%) and Latino/Hispanic (21.3%) patients. Mean baseline values for EASI, Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS), Sleep Disturbance Numerical Rating Scale (SD-NRS), Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT) and Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) scores were 27.5 ± 3.3, 8.9 ± 1.0, 8.1 ± 1.4, 3.2 ± 0.6, 19.8 ± 3.9, 19.5 ± 2.1, and 23.1 ± 2.4, respectively. At week 16, 46.8%, 27.7%, and 31.9% of patients achieved EASI-75, EASI-90, and IGA 0/1, respectively, while 76.6% and 61.7% reported an improvement of ≥4 points in PP-NRS and SD-NRS scores, respectively. After 32 weeks of treatment, the proportions of patients achieving EASI-75, EASI-90, and IGA 0/1 increased to 75.9%, 51.7%, and 55.2%, respectively. Minimal Disease Activity (MDA), a stringent assessment criterion, was achieved by 27.6% of the cohort. At week 52, 79.3%, 58.6%, and 62.1% of patients achieved EASI-75, EASI-90, and IGA 0/1, respectively; 88.7%, 82.8%, 89.7%, and 93.1% showed clinically meaningful improvements in PP-NRS, SD-NRS, DLQI, ADCT, and POEM scores, respectively, while MDA was achieved by 41.4% of the cohort. A progressive increase and sustained maintenance of clinical response were observed throughout the 52-week follow-up period, with no statistically significant differences between patients treated with biologic therapies and those receiving JAK inhibitors for most clinical outcomes. Overall, the safety profile was favorable, with only mild adverse events and no significant differences between biologics and JAK inhibitors. Adverse events among patients receiving biologics included conjunctivitis and elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, whereas those treated with JAK inhibitors experienced herpes zoster (HZV), upper respiratory tract infections, and hypercholesterolemia. Conclusions: In this real-world study of biologic therapies and JAK inhibitors in patients with skin of color and moderate-to-severe AD, both treatment classes improved disease signs and symptoms, confirming a favorable safety profile.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109431